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RTE 1041 - Radiographic Equipment & Imaging I > Chapter 4 - The Atom > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - The Atom Flashcards

1
Q

Who was one of the first people to introduce atomic theory?

Powerpoint

A

Leucippus (and his student Democritus)
400BC

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2
Q

What was the original name for the atom and what did it mean?

Powerpoint

A

atomos - indivisible

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3
Q

Who was John Dalton, what did he do, and when?

Powerpoint

A
  • English chemist
  • developed atomic theory based on evidence
  • theorized molecules and compounds
  • atomic model was a sphere
  • 1800s
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4
Q

Who was Dmitri Mendeleev, what did he do, and when?

Powerpoint

A
  • developed periodic table of elements
  • theorized atomic similarity based on weight
  • 1869
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5
Q

Who was Joseph John Thomson, and what did he do?

Powerpoint

A
  • discovered the existence of electrons
  • atomic model was positive spherical mass with negatively charged electrons suspended inside
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6
Q

Who was Ernest Rutherford, and what did he do?

Powerpoint

A
  • gold foil experiment
  • discovered there was space between the positive nucleus and the electrons and created a new atomic model to reflect this
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7
Q

Who was Niels Bohr, and what did he do?

Powerpoint

A
  • concluded each atom’s properties are unique
  • came up with atomic model that has electrons in a series of orbits
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8
Q

What is an atom called when it loses an electron and becomes positively charged?

Powerpoint

A

CATION / POSITIVE ION

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9
Q

What is an atom called when it gains an electron and becomes negatively charged?

Powerpoint

A

ANION / NEGATIVE ION

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10
Q

What is the nuclear force that holds atoms together called?

Powerpoint

A

BINDING ENERGY

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11
Q

What is the formula used to determine the maximum number of electrons that can go in a shell?

A

2n^2
n = electron shell number

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12
Q

What is the octet rule?

Powerpoint

A

rule in electron configuration that the valence (outermost) shell of an atom can never have more than 8 electrons in it

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13
Q

What does the atomic number tells us about an atom?

Powerpoint

A

how many protons it contains
Z number (subscript)

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14
Q

What does the atomic mass number tells us about an atom?

Powerpoint

A

how many protons AND neutrons it contains
A number (superscript)

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15
Q

What is an ISOTOPE?

Powerpoint

A

atom with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons

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16
Q

What are the rows of the periodic table called?

Powerpoint

A

PERIODS

17
Q

What are the columns of the periodic table called?

Powerpoint

A

GROUPS

18
Q

What is the type of bond in which one atom gives an electron to another atom?

Powerpoint

A

IONIC BOND

19
Q

What is the type of bond in which two atoms share an electron?

Powerpoint

A

COVALENT BOND

20
Q

What is an atom called when it gains an electron and becomes negatively charged?

Book

A

ANION / NEGATIVE ION

21
Q

What is an atom called when it gains an electron and becomes negatively charged?

Powerpoint

A

ANION / NEGATIVE ION

22
Q

In the periodic chart of elements, the group numbers are based on:

Review

A

HOW MANY ELECTRONS ARE IN THE VALENCE SHELL

23
Q

What is defined as the volume of space within an atom in which a pair of electrons must reside?

Review

A

ORBITAL

24
Q

Compared to an electron, how much more massive is a neutron?

Review

A

A NEUTRON IS MORE MASSIVE THAN AN ELECTRON BY THE MASS OF ONE PROTON

25
Q

Which type of chemical bonding between atoms occurs because of a “defect” in the distribution of negative charge that forms a smooth screen around the atom?

Review

A

COVALENT BOND

26
Q

Why is an ionized atom able to affect other atoms from a substantial distance?

Review

A

IT HAS A CHARGE AND THIS CHARGE WILL ATTRACT AN OPPOSITE CHARGE DUE TO ELECTRICAL FORCES

27
Q

In the anode disc of an x-ray tube, what “knocks” electrons out of their normal shells in the tungsten atoms?

Review

A

HIGH SPEED ELECTRONS FROM THE CATHODE FILAMENT

28
Q

What is defined as an atom which is unstable due to an N number well outside the normal range?

Review

A

RADIOISOTOPE

29
Q

What is defined as the “splitting” of an atomic nucleus?

Review

A

NUCLEAR FISSION

30
Q

When a beta particle is emitted from a radioactive atom, what happens to its atomic number?

Review

A

ITS ATOMIC NUMBER INCREASES BY 1 BECAUSE A NEUTRON DECAYS TO LEAVE A PROTON AND EMIT AN ELECTRON

31
Q

When gamma radiation is emitted from a radioactive atom, what happens to its A number?

Review

A

IT DOES NOT CHANGE - ONLY WAVE ENERGY IS LOST, NOTHING IS TRANSMUTED

32
Q

As a result of an alpha particle being emitted from an atom, which way and how far does the atom move on the periodic chart?

Review

A

THE ATOM MOVES TWO PLACES TO THE LEFT BECAUSE IT IS LOSING TWO PROTONS - PROTONS MAKE UP THE Z NUMBER

33
Q

The lowest energy level possible for a particular atomic nucleus is called its:

Review

A

GROUND STATE

34
Q

What is defined as the forcing together of two smaller nuclei to form a single, larger nucleus?

Book

A

NUCLEAR FUSION

35
Q

What is a radionuclide?

Book

A

any atom which is radioactive

36
Q

What does it mean to be radioactive?

Book

A

a radioactive atom has an unstable nucleus due to having too many or too few of neutrons

37
Q

What describes the changing of one element to another by radioactive decay?

Book

A

TRANSMUTATION

38
Q

What is an isomer?

Book

A

an element that has emitted an alpha particle and has some energy left in the nucleus as a result - it will emit a gamma ray to get rid of this excess energy and become more stable

RTE 1041 - Radiographic Equipment & Imaging I (11 decks)

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