Chapter 5: Ecological Genetics Flashcards
Any heritable behavioral, morphological, or physiological trait of an organism that has evolved over a period of time by the process of natural selection such that it maintains or increases the fitness of an organism under a given set of environmental conditions
Adaptation
Measured by the proportionate contribution it makes to future generations
Fitness
Sum of genetic information across all individuals in a population
Gene pool
What are the three types of selection?
Directional
Stabilizing
Disruptive
The movement of individuals between local populations
Migration
The movement of genes between populations
Gene flow
What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
Genetic variation
Traits are heritable
More individuals than environment supports
Traits are beneficial and visible
Example of directional selection?
Finches favor bigger beaks
Example of stabilizing selection?
Birth weights in humans are average
Example of disruptive selection?
Salmon intermediate size unfavorable
Taxonomic term for populations of a species that are distinguishable by one or more characteristics
Subspecies
Measurable, gradual change over a geographic region in the average of a phenotypic trait
Cline
What are the two responses to environment variation?
Move to new location
Phenotypic plasticity
Ability of a genotype to express different phenotypes under different environmental conditions
Phenotypic plasticity
What is the goal of plasticity?
Increase fitness under prevailing environmental conditions
What are the two types of plasticity?
Developmental plasticity
Acclimation
Irreversible change in allocation of biomass
Type of plasticity
Developmental plasticity
Reversible and temporary adjustments to physiological and biochemical traits
Type of plasticity
Acclimation
