Chapter 10: Life History Flashcards
Traits that affect are related in life table of an organism
Life table characteristics
The lifetime pattern of growth, development, and reproduction
Life history
Total energetic costs of reproduction per unit of time
Reproductive effort
Offspring have a king gestation time so they are more mature at birth
Imprinting is common
Imprinting
Helpless young, less gestation time in mother
Invest less in incubation
Altricial
Give examples of trade offs for early reproduction
Early maturation Less growth Reduced fecundity Reduced survivorship Reduced further reproduction
Allocate less energy each time to repeated reproductive efforts
High young mortality
Examples are vertebrates, herbaceous plants, and trees
Iteroparous
Maximum energy to a single reproductive effort then die
High adult mortality
Disturbed habitats
Examples include fish, invertebrates, insects, and plants
Semelparous
Species can be arranged along a continuum from high to low adult mortality
High- shorter life cycle, faster development, higher fecundity
Fast-slow continuum hypothesis
How do you classify individual in a life history?
MacArthur and Wilson
r and k selection
Short lived high reproduction at low density, increased offspring, low parental care, make use of poor habitats, adjust quickly
r selection
Long lived, competitive, stable population, slower growth rate at higher density, delayed reproduction, repeated reproduction, larger bodies, few young, high parental care, poor colonists
k selection
Lasting pair bond between two individuals
Most prevalent among birds
Monogamy
Males and females mate with one or many of the opposite sex and form no pair bond
Promiscuity
Acquisition by an individual of two or more mates
Polygamy
Difference between polygyny and polyandry?
Polygyny- male with two or more females
Polyandry- female with two or more males
Involves same sex competition for the opportunity to mate
Leads to exaggerate secondary sexual characteristics that aid in competition for access to mates
Intrasexual selection
Differential attractiveness of individuals of one sex to another
Intersexual selection
What is a trade off of intersexual selection?
Exaggerated traits are expensive but may secure mating opportunities
Males with more showy traits may have higher fitness levels
Good gene hypothesis
Why are females choosy in inter sexual selection?
Exaggerated traits indirectly indicate higher fitness
Acquisition of resources
