Chapter 5 Drugs Of Abuse Flashcards
Drug abuse
Culturally defined and may be considered drug use inconsistent with medical or social norms.
Drug misuse
Generally refers to indiscriminate or recreational use of a chemical substance or its use for purposes other than those for which it is intended.
Drug addiction
A complex disease of the central nervous system characterized by a compulsive uncontrolled craving for and dependence on a substance to such a degree that cessation causes severe emotional, mental, and/or physiologic reactions.
An ancient system that creates the sensation of pleasure for certain behaviors necessary for survival such as eating and sexual behavior and also called the pleasure center.
Brain reward system
Prolonged effects of addictive drugs on the brain.
Addiction
Occurs in the presence of people, places or things patients have previously associated with drug use.
Cue-induced craving
What schedule class is cocaine?
II
What schedule class is amphetamines?
II
The name for a group of synthetic stimulants that mimic many effects of amphetamines
Bath salts
The most widely used psychoactive substance in the world
Caffeine
Most widely consumed substance of abuse in the United States
Alcohol
An inflammatory, hemorrhagic, degenerative condition of the brain resulting from a deficiency of thiamine owing to malnutrition associated with chronic alcohol use
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Untreated or progressive wernicke’s encephalopathy may lead to this which is a form of amnesia characterized by a loss of short-term memory and an inability to learn.
Korsakoff’s psychosis
What is most effective for alcohol withdrawal?
Benzodiazepines
What drug is used to maintain alcohol abstinence?
Antabuse
A pure opioid antagonist that decreases craving for alcohol and blocks the high of alcohol use
Naltrexone
What is the usual dose of naltrexone for alcohol dependency?
50 mg once a day by mouth
What is the injectable extended release form of naltrexone
Vivitrol
Two marketing drugs currently being studied for their long term alcohol abstinence
Ondansetron (Zofran) an antagonist of receptors in the brain reward system, decreases motivation for drinking in early onset alcoholism; and topamax an anticonvulsant may be helpful in decreasing craving for alcohol as well as cocaine.
Commonly abused sedative hypnotic agents
Barbiturates, benzos, and barbiturate like drugs
Which has more abuse potential barbiturates or benzos
Barbiturates
Overdoses of benzos are treated with
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
What are the primary effects of opioids?
Analgesia, drowsiness, slurred speech, and detachment from the environment
What are the signs of overdose for opioids?
Pinpoint pupils, clammy skin, depressed respiration, coma and death if not treated.
The only approved THC preparation
Dronabinol (Marinol) to control nausea and vomiting
Characterized by apathy, dullness and disinterest
Amotivational syndrome
Most commonly used psychedelic
Ecstasy MDMA
Four main classes of inhalants
Volatile solvents, aerosols, anesthetic agents and nitrites
