Chapter 27 Exercise And Activity Flashcards
What are the two simple techniques to maintain proper body position
Widen your base of support by separating your feet and bring center of gravity closer to your base of support
You achieve body balance a relatively low center of gravity over a
Wide stable base of support
Coordinated body movement is the result of what three things
Weight
Center of gravity
Balance
Occurs in a direction to oppose movement
Friction
Articulation
Joint
Coordinated body movement involves the functioning of which three systems
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
What are the five functions bones perform
Support Protection Movement Mineral storage Hematopoieses
Joint is connection between
Bones
Joints are classified according to
Structure
Degree of mobility
Joints are classified as
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial connective structures
Cartilaginous joint has little movement but is
Elastic
Synovial joint or true joint is
Freely moveable
Fibrinous joints Unites
Two bony surfaces such as paired bones
Movement by certain joints that increases the single between two adjoining bones
Extension
What is the major function of the cerebellum
Coordinate all voluntary movements
What controls balance
Inner ear and cerebellum
What is the most common back injury strain
Lumbar muscle group
Fractures result from
Direct external trauma or deformity of the bone
How do you assess body alignment
With the patient standing, sitting or lying down
Muscles primarily associated with movement are located near the
Skeletal region where movements result from leverage
Muscles associated with posture
Lower extremities
Trunk
Neck
Back
Assessment includes
Patients present activity tolerance and info about preillness function
First step in assessing body alignment
Put patient at ease so not to assume unnatural or rigid positions. Remove pillows and place in supine position
Patients center of gravity is in the
Midline and line of gravity from middle of forehead to a midpoint between the feet
How often do you reposition a person in bed
Every 2 hrs
How often do you reposition a person if they are sitting
One hour
People who cannot tolerate a supine position what position do you put them in and for what condition
Fowlers 90
Fowlers 30 to 45
Fowlers 30 to 45
Cardiac and respiratory
What position do you place patient with severe respiratory distress 45 30 60 degrees 90
Supported Fowlers or high Fowlers
60 to 90 degrees
What is supine position
On back
When a patient is immobile what supported things do you use
Pillows
Trochanter rolls
Hands rolls
Arm splints
What are the pros and cons of the supine position
Pros increase comfort and reduce injury
Cons are risk for aspiration
You avoid when patient is confused,agitated and decreased level of consciousness
What is prone position
Facedown position
Before placing a patient in the prone position what must you check
Complications of increasing intracranial pressure or cardiopulmonary dx
What is lateral position
Side lying position
What position is recommended as a position to avoid development of pressure ulcers
30
60
90
30
How does the 30 degree lateral position differ from side lying position
The dependent hip is brought forward so less pressure is directly on the bony prominence
What is sims position
Semi prone on right or left side with opposite arm, thigh, and knee flexed and resting on the bed
How does the sims position differ from side lying position
Distribution of patients weight
You place weight in sims on anterior ilium, humerus, and clavicle
How many pounds if you need to lift do you use an assisted device
35
What do you use for assistance for mobilization for patients with neuro deficits
Transfer belt
Easiest intervention to maintain or improve joint mobility
ROM
What helps to prevent bp from dropping in orthostatic htn patients who you are going to help walk
Dangling the legs off side of bed and then rest 1-2 mins before standing
Quad cane
Provides most support and used for partial or complete leg paralysis or some hemiplegia.
Which crutch is most commonly used
Axillary
What is the appropriate length of the crutch when fitting
3 to 4 finger widths from the axilla to a point 15 cm or 6 inches lateral to the patients heel
When ascending stairs on crutches do you use
Four point
Three point or two point
Three point gait
Is adduction movement of a limb toward or away from the body
Toward
Foot boots maintain the the foot in what position
Dorsiflexion
Inability to dorsiflex or evert the foot
Foot drop
Activities that involve muscle tension without muscle shortening
Isometric
Two solutions have same concentration
Isotonic
Valsalva
Any forced expiratory effort against a closed airway
Key landmarks that provide a series of imaginary lines for signs and symptom identification
Suprasternal notch Manubrium Costal angle Clavicles Angle of Louis Vertebrae
Indications of hypoxia
Restlessness
Fatigue
Sputum with thick consistency
Tenacious (sticking together)
Loading dose
Large first dose
Antitussives are used to
Reduce frequency of cough
Method of lung auscultation
Begin at top of chest (Apices) comparing one side of chest to other
Moving downward
Finishing at lung bases
Weightbearing on only one foot most appropriate gait
Two
Three
Four
Three
Weight bearing on both legs
Two
Three
Four point
Four point
Greatest chance of developing after knee replacement
DVT
At least partial weight bearing on each foot
Two point
Movement of limb away from the bod
Abduction
Midpoint or the center of the weight or a body or object
Center of gravity
Maintaining optimal body position
Posture
Connection between bones
Joint
Coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system to maintain proper balance, posture and body alignment
Body mechanics
Manner or style of walking including rhythm, cadence, and speed
Gait
Rolled towel support placed against the hips and upper leg to prevent external rotation of the legs
Trochanter roll
Soft foot shaped devices designed to reduce the risk of foot drop by maintaining the foot in dorsiflexion
Foot boots
Face down position
Prone
Flexion toward the back
Dorsiflexion
Toed down motion of the foot at the ankle
Plantarflexion
Position of maximal extension of a joint
Hyperextension
A patient is semi prone on the right or left side with the opposite arm, thigh, and knee flexed and resting on the bed
Sims position
Side lying position a patient is supported on the right or the left side with the opposite arm, thigh, and knee flexed and resting on the bed
Lateral
Pain comes in suddenly and lasts for short periods and is not relieved by the patients normal pain management
Breakthrough pain
Pain felt at distance from the stimulus
Referred pain
A maneuver used to turn a reclining patient without moving the spinal column out of alignment
Log roll
The toe down motion of the foot at the ankle
Plantarflexion
The movement by certain joints that increases the angle between two adjoining joints
Extension
The three point gait is most appropriate for patients
With Weightbearing on one foot
Four point crutch gait requires Weightbearing on
Both legs
