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nursing 101 > Chapter 27 Exercise And Activity > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Exercise And Activity Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the two simple techniques to maintain proper body position

A

Widen your base of support by separating your feet and bring center of gravity closer to your base of support

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1
Q

You achieve body balance a relatively low center of gravity over a

A

Wide stable base of support

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2
Q

Coordinated body movement is the result of what three things

A

Weight
Center of gravity
Balance

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3
Q

Occurs in a direction to oppose movement

A

Friction

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4
Q

Articulation

A

Joint

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5
Q

Coordinated body movement involves the functioning of which three systems

A

Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous

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6
Q

What are the five functions bones perform

A 
Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral storage 
Hematopoieses
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7
Q

Joint is connection between

A

Bones

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8
Q

Joints are classified according to

A

Structure

Degree of mobility

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9
Q

Joints are classified as

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial connective structures

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10
Q

Cartilaginous joint has little movement but is

A

Elastic

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11
Q

Synovial joint or true joint is

A

Freely moveable

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12
Q

Fibrinous joints Unites

A

Two bony surfaces such as paired bones

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13
Q

Movement by certain joints that increases the single between two adjoining bones

A

Extension

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14
Q

What is the major function of the cerebellum

A

Coordinate all voluntary movements

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15
Q

What controls balance

A

Inner ear and cerebellum

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16
Q

What is the most common back injury strain

A

Lumbar muscle group

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17
Q

Fractures result from

A

Direct external trauma or deformity of the bone

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18
Q

How do you assess body alignment

A

With the patient standing, sitting or lying down

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19
Q

Muscles primarily associated with movement are located near the

A

Skeletal region where movements result from leverage

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20
Q

Muscles associated with posture

A

Lower extremities
Trunk
Neck
Back

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21
Q

Assessment includes

A

Patients present activity tolerance and info about preillness function

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22
Q

First step in assessing body alignment

A

Put patient at ease so not to assume unnatural or rigid positions. Remove pillows and place in supine position

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23
Q

Patients center of gravity is in the

A

Midline and line of gravity from middle of forehead to a midpoint between the feet

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24
Q

How often do you reposition a person in bed

A

Every 2 hrs

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25
Q

How often do you reposition a person if they are sitting

A

One hour

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26
Q

People who cannot tolerate a supine position what position do you put them in and for what condition
Fowlers 90
Fowlers 30 to 45

A

Fowlers 30 to 45

Cardiac and respiratory

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27
Q 
What position do you place patient with severe respiratory distress
45
30
60 degrees 
90
A

Supported Fowlers or high Fowlers

60 to 90 degrees

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28
Q

What is supine position

A

On back

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29
Q

When a patient is immobile what supported things do you use

A

Pillows
Trochanter rolls
Hands rolls
Arm splints

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30
Q

What are the pros and cons of the supine position

A

Pros increase comfort and reduce injury
Cons are risk for aspiration
You avoid when patient is confused,agitated and decreased level of consciousness

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31
Q

What is prone position

A

Facedown position

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32
Q

Before placing a patient in the prone position what must you check

A

Complications of increasing intracranial pressure or cardiopulmonary dx

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33
Q

What is lateral position

A

Side lying position

34
Q

What position is recommended as a position to avoid development of pressure ulcers
30
60
90

A

30

35
Q

How does the 30 degree lateral position differ from side lying position

A

The dependent hip is brought forward so less pressure is directly on the bony prominence

36
Q

What is sims position

A

Semi prone on right or left side with opposite arm, thigh, and knee flexed and resting on the bed

37
Q

How does the sims position differ from side lying position

A

Distribution of patients weight

You place weight in sims on anterior ilium, humerus, and clavicle

38
Q

How many pounds if you need to lift do you use an assisted device

A

35

39
Q

What do you use for assistance for mobilization for patients with neuro deficits

A

Transfer belt

40
Q

Easiest intervention to maintain or improve joint mobility

A

ROM

41
Q

What helps to prevent bp from dropping in orthostatic htn patients who you are going to help walk

A

Dangling the legs off side of bed and then rest 1-2 mins before standing

42
Q

Quad cane

A

Provides most support and used for partial or complete leg paralysis or some hemiplegia.

43
Q

Which crutch is most commonly used

A

Axillary

44
Q

What is the appropriate length of the crutch when fitting

A

3 to 4 finger widths from the axilla to a point 15 cm or 6 inches lateral to the patients heel

45
Q

When ascending stairs on crutches do you use
Four point
Three point or two point

A

Three point gait

46
Q

Is adduction movement of a limb toward or away from the body

A

Toward

47
Q

Foot boots maintain the the foot in what position

A

Dorsiflexion

48
Q

Inability to dorsiflex or evert the foot

A

Foot drop

49
Q

Activities that involve muscle tension without muscle shortening

A

Isometric

50
Q

Two solutions have same concentration

A

Isotonic

51
Q

Valsalva

A

Any forced expiratory effort against a closed airway

52
Q

Key landmarks that provide a series of imaginary lines for signs and symptom identification

A 
Suprasternal notch 
Manubrium
Costal angle
Clavicles 
Angle of Louis 
Vertebrae
53
Q

Indications of hypoxia

A

Restlessness

Fatigue

54
Q

Sputum with thick consistency

A

Tenacious (sticking together)

55
Q

Loading dose

A

Large first dose

56
Q

Antitussives are used to

A

Reduce frequency of cough

57
Q

Method of lung auscultation

A

Begin at top of chest (Apices) comparing one side of chest to other
Moving downward
Finishing at lung bases

58
Q

Weightbearing on only one foot most appropriate gait
Two
Three
Four

A

Three

59
Q

Weight bearing on both legs
Two
Three
Four point

A

Four point

60
Q

Greatest chance of developing after knee replacement

A

DVT

61
Q

At least partial weight bearing on each foot

A

Two point

62
Q

Movement of limb away from the bod

A

Abduction

63
Q

Midpoint or the center of the weight or a body or object

A

Center of gravity

64
Q

Maintaining optimal body position

A

Posture

65
Q

Connection between bones

A

Joint

66
Q

Coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system to maintain proper balance, posture and body alignment

A

Body mechanics

67
Q

Manner or style of walking including rhythm, cadence, and speed

A

Gait

68
Q

Rolled towel support placed against the hips and upper leg to prevent external rotation of the legs

A

Trochanter roll

69
Q

Soft foot shaped devices designed to reduce the risk of foot drop by maintaining the foot in dorsiflexion

A

Foot boots

70
Q

Face down position

A

Prone

71
Q

Flexion toward the back

A

Dorsiflexion

72
Q

Toed down motion of the foot at the ankle

A

Plantarflexion

73
Q

Position of maximal extension of a joint

A

Hyperextension

74
Q

A patient is semi prone on the right or left side with the opposite arm, thigh, and knee flexed and resting on the bed

A

Sims position

75
Q

Side lying position a patient is supported on the right or the left side with the opposite arm, thigh, and knee flexed and resting on the bed

A

Lateral

76
Q

Pain comes in suddenly and lasts for short periods and is not relieved by the patients normal pain management

A

Breakthrough pain

77
Q

Pain felt at distance from the stimulus

A

Referred pain

78
Q

A maneuver used to turn a reclining patient without moving the spinal column out of alignment

A

Log roll

79
Q

The toe down motion of the foot at the ankle

A

Plantarflexion

80
Q

The movement by certain joints that increases the angle between two adjoining joints

A

Extension

81
Q

The three point gait is most appropriate for patients

A

With Weightbearing on one foot

82
Q

Four point crutch gait requires Weightbearing on

A

Both legs

nursing 101 (15 decks)

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