Chapter 14 and 32 infection prevention and pain management

Question 0

Converts energy produced by these stimuli into electrical energy. The process begins in the periphery where a pain producing stimulus sends an impulse across a sensory peripheral pain nerve fiber (nociceptor) initiating an action potential

Answer 0

Transduction

Question 1

Name the four psychological processes of pain

Answer 1

Transduction
Transmission
Perception
Modulation

Question 2

Pain sensitizing substances surround the pain fibers in the extracellular fluid, spreading the pain message and causing an inflammatory response.

Answer 2

Transmission

Question 3

Where does nerve impulses travel along

Answer 3

Afferent peripheral nerve fibers

Question 4

Fast myelinated fibers

Send sharp localized and distinct sensations that specify the source of the pain and detects its intensity

Answer 4

A-delta

Question 5

Slow unmyelinated fibers

Poorly localized, visceral and persistent

Answer 5

C

Question 6

The pain impulse ascends to the brain and the CNS extracts info such as location, duration, and quality of the pain impulse

Answer 6

Perception

Question 7

The brain releases inhibitory neurotransmitters such as endogenous opioids, serotonin, norepinephrine, and GABA. the neurotransmitters hinder the transmission of pain to help produce an analgesic effect

Answer 7

Modulation

Question 8

Name the four neurotransmitters that are excitatory

Answer 8

Bradykinin
Substance p
Serotonin
Prostaglandins

Question 9

Name the three neurotransmitters that are inhibitory

Answer 9

Endorphins
Enkephalins
Dynorphins

Question 10

Where does the gating mechanism occur

Answer 10

Within the spinal cord
Thalamus
Reticular formation
Limbic system

Question 11

What cause fight or flight response

Answer 11

Acute pain or low to moderate intensity and superficial pain

Question 12

What is the max dose of Tylenol and aspirin in a 24-hour period

Answer 12

4grams

Question 13

Place where microorganisms survive, multiple, and wait to transfer to a susceptible host

Answer 13

Reservoir

Question 14

Common reservoirs

Answer 14

Humans
Animals
Insects
Food
Water
Organic matter
Inanimate surfaces (fomites)

Question 15

Name vehicles

Answer 15

Contaminated items
Water
Drugs, solutions
Blood
Food

Question 16

Name vectors

Answer 16

Flies 
Mosquito
Louse
Tick
Flea

Question 17

Having a certain dx such as measles and mounting an immune response that usually lasts a lifetime

Answer 17

Natural Aquired immunity

Question 18

Results from the administration of a vaccine

Answer 18

Active immunity

Question 19

Invasion of a susceptible host

Answer 19

Infection

Question 20

Pathogens

Answer 20

Microorganisms

Question 21

The ability to produce dx

Answer 21

Virulence

Question 22

A place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and wait to transfer to a susceptible host

Answer 22

Reservoir

Question 23

Secondary infection usually caused by an opportunistic pathogen

Answer 23

Suprainfection

Question 24

Of or pertaining to the death of tissue in response to dx or injury

Answer 24

Necrotic

Question 25

Signs and symptoms of inflammation

Answer 25

``` Fever Leukocytosis Malaise Anorexia N/v Lymph node enlargement ```

Question 26

Foreign material

Answer 26

Antigen

Question 27

Any healthcare procedure in which added precautions are used to prevent contamination of a person, object, or area of microorganism

Answer 27

Aseptic technique

Question 28

Clean techniques

Answer 28

Medical asepsis

Question 29

What are examples of medical asepsis

Answer 29

Hand hygiene Barrier techniques Routine environmental cleaning

Question 30

Most common treatment for pain relief

Answer 30

Analgesics

Question 31

``` Begins suddenly Usually sharp Serves as a warning Can be mild to severe Last mins up to 3 mos usually less than 6 mos Protective ```

Answer 31

Acute pain

Question 32

``` Not protective Serves no purpose Prolonged Varies in intensity Typically lasts at least six months ```

Answer 32

Chronic pain

Question 33

Pain that occurs sporadically over an extended period of time

Answer 33

Episodic pain

Question 34

Doesn't know what causes it

Answer 34

Idiopathic

Question 35

Chronic pain in the absence of an identifiable physical or psychological cause or pain perceived as excessive for the extent of an organic pathological condition

Answer 35

Idiopathic pain

Question 36

A patient senses pain at the actual tumor site or distant to the site

Answer 36

Referred pain

Question 37

Hormones that act on the mind like morphine and opiates producing a sense of well being and reducing pain

Answer 37

Endorphins

Question 38

Type of nerve block anesthesia in which an anesthetic is intermittently or continuously injected into the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord

Answer 38

Epidural infusion

Question 39

Method of pain control in which the patient creates a mental image

Answer 39

Guided imagery

Question 40

Loss of sensation at the desired site of action

Answer 40

Local anesthesia

Question 41

Somatic and visceral free nerve endings of thinly myelinated and unmyelinated fibers Receptors that respond to harmful stimuli

Answer 41

Nociceptors

Question 42

Opioid

Answer 42

Drug substance narcotics

Question 43

Least amount of stimulation that a person requires to perceive pain

Answer 43

Threshold

Question 44

Maximum amt of pain and duration of pain that a person is willing to endure or tolerate

Answer 44

Tolerance

Question 45

Potent hormonelike substances that act in exceedingly low doses on target organs. They can be used to treat asthma and gastric hyperacidity

Answer 45

Prostaglandins

Question 46

Skin muscles bones | Somatic or visceral

Answer 46

Somatic

Question 47

Three types of analgesics

Answer 47

Nonopioids (Tylenol and Ibuprofen) Opioids Adjuvant or co analgesics

Question 48

Reparative phase

Answer 48

3rd stage of inflammatory response

Question 49

Vascular and cellular responses

Answer 49

1st stage of inflammatory response

Question 50

Exudate production

Answer 50

2nd phase of inflammatory response

Question 51

The use of broad spectrum abx as treatment eliminates or changes normal flora leading to superinfection

Answer 51

Suprainfection

Question 52

What PPE do you need for changing dressing

Answer 52

Glove and gown | If order to irrigate need eyewear

Question 53

Body excretions are known as what in the chain of infection

Answer 53

Reservoir