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nursing 101 > Chapter 14 and 32 infection prevention and pain management > Flashcards

Chapter 14 and 32 infection prevention and pain management Flashcards

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0
Q

Converts energy produced by these stimuli into electrical energy. The process begins in the periphery where a pain producing stimulus sends an impulse across a sensory peripheral pain nerve fiber (nociceptor) initiating an action potential

A

Transduction

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1
Q

Name the four psychological processes of pain

A

Transduction
Transmission
Perception
Modulation

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2
Q

Pain sensitizing substances surround the pain fibers in the extracellular fluid, spreading the pain message and causing an inflammatory response.

A

Transmission

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3
Q

Where does nerve impulses travel along

A

Afferent peripheral nerve fibers

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4
Q

Fast myelinated fibers

Send sharp localized and distinct sensations that specify the source of the pain and detects its intensity

A

A-delta

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5
Q

Slow unmyelinated fibers

Poorly localized, visceral and persistent

A

C

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6
Q

The pain impulse ascends to the brain and the CNS extracts info such as location, duration, and quality of the pain impulse

A

Perception

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7
Q

The brain releases inhibitory neurotransmitters such as endogenous opioids, serotonin, norepinephrine, and GABA. the neurotransmitters hinder the transmission of pain to help produce an analgesic effect

A

Modulation

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8
Q

Name the four neurotransmitters that are excitatory

A

Bradykinin
Substance p
Serotonin
Prostaglandins

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9
Q

Name the three neurotransmitters that are inhibitory

A

Endorphins
Enkephalins
Dynorphins

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10
Q

Where does the gating mechanism occur

A

Within the spinal cord
Thalamus
Reticular formation
Limbic system

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11
Q

What cause fight or flight response

A

Acute pain or low to moderate intensity and superficial pain

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12
Q

What is the max dose of Tylenol and aspirin in a 24-hour period

A

4grams

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13
Q

Place where microorganisms survive, multiple, and wait to transfer to a susceptible host

A

Reservoir

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14
Q

Common reservoirs

A 
Humans
Animals
Insects
Food
Water
Organic matter
Inanimate surfaces (fomites)
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15
Q

Name vehicles

A 
Contaminated items
Water
Drugs, solutions
Blood
Food
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16
Q

Name vectors

A 
Flies 
Mosquito
Louse
Tick
Flea
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17
Q

Having a certain dx such as measles and mounting an immune response that usually lasts a lifetime

A

Natural Aquired immunity

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18
Q

Results from the administration of a vaccine

A

Active immunity

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19
Q

Invasion of a susceptible host

A

Infection

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20
Q

Pathogens

A

Microorganisms

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21
Q

The ability to produce dx

A

Virulence

22
Q

A place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and wait to transfer to a susceptible host

A

Reservoir

23
Q

Secondary infection usually caused by an opportunistic pathogen

A

Suprainfection

24
Q

Of or pertaining to the death of tissue in response to dx or injury

A

Necrotic

25
Q

Signs and symptoms of inflammation

A 
Fever
Leukocytosis
Malaise
Anorexia
N/v
Lymph node enlargement
26
Q

Foreign material

A

Antigen

27
Q

Any healthcare procedure in which added precautions are used to prevent contamination of a person, object, or area of microorganism

A

Aseptic technique

28
Q

Clean techniques

A

Medical asepsis

29
Q

What are examples of medical asepsis

A

Hand hygiene
Barrier techniques
Routine environmental cleaning

30
Q

Most common treatment for pain relief

A

Analgesics

31
Q 
Begins suddenly
Usually sharp 
Serves as a warning 
Can be mild to severe
Last mins up to 3 mos usually less than 6 mos
Protective
A

Acute pain

32
Q 
Not protective
Serves no purpose
Prolonged
Varies in intensity
Typically lasts at least six months
A

Chronic pain

33
Q

Pain that occurs sporadically over an extended period of time

A

Episodic pain

34
Q

Doesn’t know what causes it

A

Idiopathic

35
Q

Chronic pain in the absence of an identifiable physical or psychological cause or pain perceived as excessive for the extent of an organic pathological condition

A

Idiopathic pain

36
Q

A patient senses pain at the actual tumor site or distant to the site

A

Referred pain

37
Q

Hormones that act on the mind like morphine and opiates producing a sense of well being and reducing pain

A

Endorphins

38
Q

Type of nerve block anesthesia in which an anesthetic is intermittently or continuously injected into the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord

A

Epidural infusion

39
Q

Method of pain control in which the patient creates a mental image

A

Guided imagery

40
Q

Loss of sensation at the desired site of action

A

Local anesthesia

41
Q

Somatic and visceral free nerve endings of thinly myelinated and unmyelinated fibers

Receptors that respond to harmful stimuli

A

Nociceptors

42
Q

Opioid

A

Drug substance narcotics

43
Q

Least amount of stimulation that a person requires to perceive pain

A

Threshold

44
Q

Maximum amt of pain and duration of pain that a person is willing to endure or tolerate

A

Tolerance

45
Q

Potent hormonelike substances that act in exceedingly low doses on target organs. They can be used to treat asthma and gastric hyperacidity

A

Prostaglandins

46
Q

Skin muscles bones

Somatic or visceral

A

Somatic

47
Q

Three types of analgesics

A

Nonopioids (Tylenol and Ibuprofen)
Opioids
Adjuvant or co analgesics

48
Q

Reparative phase

A

3rd stage of inflammatory response

49
Q

Vascular and cellular responses

A

1st stage of inflammatory response

50
Q

Exudate production

A

2nd phase of inflammatory response

51
Q

The use of broad spectrum abx as treatment eliminates or changes normal flora leading to superinfection

A

Suprainfection

52
Q

What PPE do you need for changing dressing

A

Glove and gown

If order to irrigate need eyewear

53
Q

Body excretions are known as what in the chain of infection

A

Reservoir

nursing 101 (15 decks)

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