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Psychology > Chapter 5 -Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 5 -Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the frequency of Theta Waves?

A

4 to 7 cycles per second

Light Sleep

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2
Q

What is the frequency of Beta Waves?

A

13-24 cycles per second

Normal waking thought, alert problem solving.

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3
Q

Delta waves are associated with?

A

Sleeping Deeply.

Less than 4 cycles per second

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4
Q

How long does it take to readjust after flying across several time zones?

A

One day per each time zone crossed.

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5
Q

What structure in the brain appears to play a central role in regulating our biological clock?

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus.

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6
Q

What best describes muscle activity during sleep?

A

It is at its lowest during REM sleep

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7
Q

Who developed the activation synthesis view of dreaming?

A

Robert McCarley and J. Allan Hobson.

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8
Q

Who developed the Problem Solving model of dreaming?

A

Rosalind Cartwright.

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9
Q

Who is the 18th century physician that popularized the term “hypnosis”?

A

James Braid.

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10
Q

According to research on hypnotic suspectability, what percentage of the population does not respond well to hypnosis.

A

Between 10-20%.

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11
Q

What is consciousness?

A

The awareness of internal and external stimuli, including awareness of a self and your thoughts.

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12
Q

What are biological rhythms?

A

Periodic fluctuations in physiological functions tied to planetary rhythms.

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13
Q

What are circadian rhythms?

A

24 hour cycles that are influential in the regulation of sleep.

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14
Q

What is the activation-synthesis model of dreams propose?

A

Dreams are side effects of the neural activation that produces waking-like brain waves during REM sleep.

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15
Q

Explain Non-Rem sleep (stages 1-4)

A

Marked by an absence of rapid eye movements

Little to no dreaming

Varied EEG activity.

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16
Q

Explain REM Sleep

A

Deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements

High-Frequency Brain Waves

Dreaming

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17
Q

What are siesta cultures?

A

Napping practices found in tropical regions.

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18
Q

What brain waves represent ordinary wakefulness?

A

Fast, low amplitude beta waves.

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19
Q

What brainwaves represent relaxed wakefulness?

A

Rhythmic alpha waves.

20
Q

Stage 1 sleep involves what characteristic of brainwaves?

A

Small, irregular brain wave s

21
Q

Stage 2 sleep involves the appearance or what?

A

Spindle shaped waves called sleep spindles.

22
Q

Stage 3-4 Sleep involves what kind of brainwaves?

A

Appearance of large and slow delta waves

23
Q

What are the wave characteristics of REM sleep?

A

Similar to ordinary wakefulness.

24
Q

Sleep Deprivation of REM and slow wave sleep leads to?

A

Increased attempts to shift into these stages and increased time in these stages after deprivation ends.

25
Q

What is insomnia?

A

Chronic problems in getting adequate sleep and disorder of circadian rhythms.

26
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Marked by sudden, irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking hours.

27
Q

What are nightmares?

A

Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep.

28
Q

What are night/sleep terrors?

A

Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic.

29
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

Frequent reflexive gasping for air that disrupts sleep

30
Q

What is somnambulism?

A

Wandering around while remaining asleep.

31
Q

REM Sleep behaviour disorder is?

A

Potentially troublesome and violent dream enactments during REM periods.

32
Q

What is the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)?

A

Consists of different fibres running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal.

33
Q

What is mind wandering?

A

Refers to peoples experience of task-unrelated thoughts

34
Q

What is an electroencephalograph?

A

A device that monitors electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp.

35
Q

What is the frequency of Alpha waves?

A

8-12 cycles per second

Deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation

36
Q

What is an electromyograph? (EMG)

A

Records muscular activity and tension.

37
Q

What is an electrooculugraph? (EOG)

A

Records eye movements.

38
Q

What is the manifest content of dreams?

A

Consists of the plot of a dream at the surface level.

39
Q

What is the latent content of a dream?

A

Refers to the hidden or disguised meaning of the events in the plot

40
Q

Define hypnosis.

A

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility.

41
Q

What are the effects of Hypnosis.

A

Anesthesia - effective in pain treatment

Sensory distortions and hallucinations

Disinhibition - odd behaviour

Posthypnotic suggestions and amnesia - not remembering what happened to them after.

42
Q

What is social cognitive theory and hypnosis?

A

Theodore Barber
Nicholas Spanos

Hypnosis produces a normal state in which suggestible people act out of role of a hypnotic subject and behave as they think hypnotized people are supposed to.

43
Q

Ernest hilgard proposed the theory of Disassociation which states:

A

A splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of consciousness

44
Q

What are narcotics and opiates?

A

Drugs that are derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain.

45
Q

What are sedatives?

A

Sleep inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioural activity.

46
Q

What are stimulants?

A

Drugs that increase central nervous system activity and behavioural activity

47
Q

What is the mesolimbic dopamine pathway?

A

Neural circuit that runs from an area in the midbrain that is referred to as the reward pathway.

Large rapid increases in dopamine along this pathway is said to be the reinforcing effects of abused drugs.

Psychology (4 decks)

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