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Psychology > Chapter 4 - Sensory And Perception > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Sensory And Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the minimum amount of stimulation a person can detect?

A

The Absolute Threshold (often 50% of the time)

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2
Q

What statement best describes Webers Law?

A

The JND is a constant proportion of the initial stimulus.

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3
Q

What is subliminal perception?

A

Registration of sensory input without conscious awareness.

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4
Q

What is Signal Detection Theory?

A

Non Sensory Stimuli that can influence thresholds.

Decision making with uncertainty

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5
Q

Where does the Optic Nerve fibres go after they diverge at the optic chasm?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus

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6
Q

What is trichromatic theory?

A

The human eye has three groups of receptors sensitive to wavelengths associated with red, green and blue.

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7
Q

What visual features are processed by the dorsal stream?

A

Motion and Depth

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8
Q

What regulates the amount of light entering the eye?

A

Changes in the size of pupil

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9
Q

What is the Fovea responsible for?

A

Sharp central Vision.

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10
Q

What are opponent process cells responsible for colour vision?

A

Specialized cells in the retina, LGN and visual cortex.

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11
Q

Which lobe of the brain contains the primary visual cortex?

A

Occipital lobe.

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12
Q

What is the ventral stream?

A

Involved with object and visual identification and recognition.

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13
Q

What is the dorsal stream?

A

Involved in the guidance of actions and recognition where objects are in space.

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14
Q

What is motion parallax?

A

Depth cue that results from our motion. As we move, objects that are closer to us move farther across our field of view than do objects that are in the distance.

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15
Q

What is bottom-up processing?

A

Analyzing small component parts and putting it together to recognize a whole.

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16
Q

What is perceptual constancy?

A

The perception of an object or quality as constant even though our sensation of the object changes.

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17
Q

What is retinal disparity?

A

Defined as the way your left wye and your right eye view slightly different images.

Important in gauging how far away objects are.

Principal Depth Cue

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18
Q

What is linear perspective?

A

Depth cue, parallel lines that recede into the distance appear to get closer together or converge

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19
Q

What is top-down processing?

A

Recognition of the sum of the whole rather than its individual components.

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20
Q

What structure of the ear vibrates when stimulated by sound waves?

A

The cochlea.

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21
Q

Where does the processing of auditory stimuli primarily occur?

A

In the temporal lobes.

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22
Q

What is place theory?

A

Specific activation along the basilar membrane.

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23
Q

What is frequency theory?

A

The perception of pitch to the rate that the entire basilar membrane vibrates.

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24
Q

What part of the ear collects sound waves and channels waves down the auditory canal?

A

Pinna

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25
Q

What is the approximate life span of taste cells that are found in the taste buds in the tongue?

A

10 days.

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26
Q

What best describes taste cell sensitivity?

A

Taste perceptions depend on patterns of neural activity initiated by taste receptors.

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27
Q

What are nontasters less sensitive too?

A

Certain sweet and bitter flavours.

28
Q

What best describes human chemical senses of smell and taste.

A

Smell is the only sensory system in which incoming information is not routed through the thalamus before being projected to the cerebral cortex.

29
Q

When is our sense of smell activated?

A

When chemical stimuli activate olfactory cilia in the upper portion of the nasal passages.

30
Q

Which of the following is not one of the skin senses?

Temperature
Pain
Tactile stimulation
Body orientation

A

Body orientation

31
Q

The somatosensory cortex is located in

A

The Parietal Lobes

32
Q

What is the initial route of the fast pathway for pain?

A

Through the ventromedial basal nucleus of the thalamus.

33
Q

Which fibres carry the signals for slow, throbbing pain to Leonards central nervous system?

A

Thin, unmyelinated neurons called C fibres

34
Q

The sense of touch includes a variety of physical stimulation. What is not a trait of sense of touch?

A

Electromagnetic energy?

35
Q

What is the route of the slow pathway to the brain?

A

Through the midline nucleus of the thalamus?

36
Q

How does immediate pain travel to the CNS?

A

Along thick myelinated neurons called A-delta fibres.

37
Q

What cells are important for the regulation of pain?

A

Glia cells in the spinal cord.

38
Q

What do humans have to monitor the positions of various parts of our bodies?

A

Kinaesthetic awareness.

39
Q

What are vestibular senses?

A

Awareness of body balance and movement that arise in the inner ear.

40
Q

What is sensory integration?

A

Neurological process of processing and integrating sensory information from the body and the environment.

41
Q

Describe the Lens of the Eye

A

Focuses light rays falling on the retina.

42
Q

Describe the function of the Pupil.

A

Regulates the amount of light passing to the rear of the eye.

43
Q

What is the Retina?

A

Neural tissue lining the inside back surface of the eye

44
Q

What is the optic disk?

A

Hole in the retina that corresponds to the blindspot.

45
Q

What is the fovea?

A

Tiny spot in the centre of the retina where visual acuity is greatest.

46
Q

What are visual receptors?

A

Consists of rods and cones, which are organized into receptive fields.

47
Q

Describe Rods

A

Play a key in night and peripheral vision and greatly outnumber cones.

48
Q

Describe Cones

A

Play a key role in day and colour vision and provide greater acuity than rods.

49
Q

What are receptive fields?

A

Collections of rods and cones that funnel signals to specific visual cells in the retina or the brain.

50
Q

What is Main Visual Pathway?

A

Projects through the Thalamus, where signals are processed and distributed to the occipital lobe.

51
Q

Second visual pathway?

A

Handles coordination of visual input with other sensory input.

52
Q

Primary visual cortex?

A

In the occipital lobe handles initial processing of visual input.

53
Q

What are feature detectors.

A

Neurons that reslond selectively to specific features of complex stimuli.

54
Q

What is subtractive colour mixing?

A

Works by removing some wavelengths of light, leaving less light.

55
Q

Additive colour mixing?

A

Works by putting more light in the mixture than any one light.

56
Q

What is opponent process theory?

A

Holds that receptors make antagonistic responses to three pairs of colours.

57
Q

What is in-attentional blindness?

A

Form perception is selective.

58
Q

What is feature analysis?

A

Involves detecting specific elements and assembling them into complex forms.

59
Q

What are gestalt principles?

A 
Figure and ground
Proximity
Closure
Similarity
Simplicity
Continuity

Help explained scenes that are organized into discrete forms.

60
Q

What are binocular cues?

A

Clues about distance based on differing views of the two eyes.

61
Q

What is retinal disparity?

A

Right and left eye sees slightly different views of objects. The closer the object gets the greater the disparity.

62
Q

What are monocular cues?

A

Clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone.

63
Q

What are pictorial cues?

A

Monocular cues

Linear perspective
Texture gradients
Relative size
Height in plane
Interposition
Light and shadow
64
Q

What is a visual illusion?

A

The discrepancy between the appearance of a visual stimulus and its physical reality.

65
Q

What are pheromones?

A

Chemical messages, typically imperceptible, that can be sent by one organism and received by another member of the same species.

66
Q

What is the door-in-the-face technique?

A

Involves making a large request that is likely to be turned down as a way to increase the chance that people will agree to a smaller request later.

67
Q

What are Comparitors?

A

People, object, events, and other standards used a baseline for comparison in making judgements.

Psychology (4 decks)

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