Chapter 5: Communicable Diseases II Flashcards
How is salmonella spread?
salmonella is spread through undercooked food and poor hygiene
What are some symptoms of salmonella?
- fever
- abdominal cramps
- diarrhoea
- vomiting
How is salmonella treated?
poultry is vaccinated
What is Gonorrhoea?
gonorrhoea is an STD
What are some symptoms of gonorrhoea?
- thick green discharge from the penis and vagina
- pain on urination
How can gonorrhoea be treated?
- contraception
- antibiotics
What is Rose Black Spot?
This is a fungal disease of rose leaves that causes a purple or black spot that eventually causes the leaf to fall off
How is Rose Black Spot spread?
Spores of the fungus are spread into the environment, carried by the wind.
How is Rose Black Spot prevented?
- burning the effected leaves
- chemical fungicides
- breeding
What is malaria?
Malaria is caused by parasitic protists and is spread by the bite of female mosquitos
What damage does malaria do?
it damages:
- blood
- liver cells
What are the consequences of malaria?
- fevers
- shaking
- death
How is malaria treated?
- using insect nets
- use insecticides to kill mosquitos
- killing larvae
- antimalarial drugs
Name three ways your skin defends your body
- your skin covers your body and acts as a barrier, as well as clot of blood when this barrier breaks
- your skin produced antimicrobial secretions to destroy pathogens and bacteria
- healthy skin is covered with microorganisms
How does your nose defend against pathogens?
- full of hairs
- mucus traps pathogens
How does the trachea and bronchi defend against pathogens?
- secrete mucus
- lining of the tubes is covered in cilia
How does your stomach defend against pathogens?
-produces acid that destroys pathogens
explain how white blood cells ingest pathogens
the white blood cell with ingest microorganisms and digest and destroy them
explain how antibodies work
antibodies target particular bacteria or viruses and destroy them
explain how producing toxins help your body
some white blood cells produce antitoxins that cancel out the toxins released by pathogens
Name 2 things that aphids do
- feed off of phloem sap
- transfer viruses, bacteria, fungi
How can aphids be treated
- chemical pesticides
- releasing insects that ingest aphids (like ladybugs)
Name 3 ways that plant diseases can be detected
- gardening manuals
- laboratory tests
- monoclonal antibodies
Name 4 ways that a plant could defend itself against pathogens
- cellulose cell walls
- waxy cuticle
- bark on trees
- leaf fall
Name 4 ways that a plant may protect itself from a herbivore
- thorns make eating a plant painful
- curling when touched scares herbivores
- poisons make the herbivores feel unwell
