Chapter 2: Cell Division Flashcards
What is mitosis?
part of the cell cycle where one set of new chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell forming two identical nuclei during cell division
What is the cell cycle?
The three stage process of cell division in a body cell that involves mitosis and results in the formation of two identical daughter cells
What happens in stage one of the cell cycle?
The cells get bigger, replicate the DNA, and increase the number of sub-cellular structures.
What happens in stage two of the cell cycle?
Mitosis
What happens in stage three of the cell cycle?
cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two identical daughter cells
Why is cell division by mitosis important?
Old cells are constantly dying, so we need to replace them quickly
Define chromosome
a thread-like structure found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Define gene
A gene is small packet of information that controls a characteristic or part of a characteristic of your body
Define DNA
A unique molecule that makes up your chromosomes
Define differentiation
The process where cells become specialized for a particular function
What is the difference between differentiation in plant cells and differentiation in animal cells
plant cells are able to differentiate all through their lives
Why is it difficult to clone animal cells?
Most animal cells differentiate permanently early in embryo development. The cells cannot change back
How does cloning work in plants?
A plant cell will become undifferentiated and undergo mitosis. Each of these undifferentiated cells will produce more cells by mitosis. These will differentiate to different tissues
Name 2 sources of stem cells
- embryos
- bone marrow
What are some differences between stem cells and a normal body cell?
- stem cells divide indefinitely
- undifferentiated cell
- can turn into any other cell
