Chapter 1: Cell Structure And Transport

Question 1

State an advantage of a light microscope

Answer 1

Relatively Cheap

Question 2

State a disadvantage of a light microscope

Answer 2

Can only magnify several hundred times

Question 3

State an advantage of an electron microscope

Answer 3

Magnifies objects 2 000 000 times

Question 4

State a disadvantage of an electron microscope

Answer 4

Large and very expensive

Question 5

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 5

Controls all of the activities of the cell, and contains genes on the chromosomes that carry the instructions for making the protein needed to build new cells.

Question 6

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 6

A liquid gel where organelles are suspended

Question 7

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 7

Controls the passages of substances

Question 8

What does the mitochondria do?

Answer 8

Where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell.

Question 9

What do the ribosomes do?

Answer 9

Make all of the proteins needed in the cell

Question 10

Why do all plants have cellulose and a cell wall?

Answer 10

To strengthen the cell and give it support

Question 11

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 11

Chlorophyll absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis

Question 12

What is a permanent vacuole?

Answer 12

A place in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap, that make the plant more rigid

Question 13

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 13

Eukaryotic cells all have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material which is enclosed in a nucleus

Question 14

Give 2 examples of Eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

1. Animals cells

2. Plant cells

Question 15

What is a Prokaryotic cell, give an example

Answer 15

Genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus. An example would be Bacteria.

Question 16

Give 2 adaptations of nerve cells

Answer 16

1. Lots of dendrites to make connections to other nerve cells
2. Contain lots of mitochondria

Question 17

Give 3 adaptations of muscle cells

Answer 17

1. They have special proteins that slide over each other making the fibers contract
2. Contain many mitochondria to transfer the energy needed
3. They store glycogen which can be used in cellular respiration

Question 18

Give 3 adaptations on sperm cells

Answer 18

1. A long tail whips from side to side
2. The ‘head’ is full of mitochondria to transfer energy
3. Large nucleus contains genetic information that needs to be passed on

Question 19

Give 3 main adaptations of root hair cells

Answer 19

1. Increased surface area
2. Large permanent vacuole which speeds up the process of osmosis
3. Many mitochondria

Question 20

What is diffusion?

Answer 20

The spreading out of the particles of any substance in a solution, or particles in a gas, resulting in a net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient

Question 21

How do you calculate the net movement?

Answer 21

net movement= particles moving in-particles moving out

Question 22

Diffusion occurs _______ a concentation gradient

a) up
b) down

Answer 22

b) down

Question 23

Name 3 materials that enter and leave cells by diffusion

Answer 23

1) oxygen
2) carbon dioxide
3) glucose

Question 24

How do villi increase surface area in a cell?

Answer 24

Folds in the cell membrane form microvilli, which increase the surface area of the cell

Question 25

Name 3 factors which affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 25

1) Difference in concentration
2) Temperature
3) Available surface area

Question 26

What is osmosis?

Answer 26

A special type of diffusion in which only water moves across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution

Question 27

What are partially permeable membranes?

Answer 27

Membranes that only let some types of particles through

Question 28

A dilute solution of sugar contains a _______ concentration of water and _______ concentation of sugar

Answer 28

high, low

Question 29

A concentrated solution of sugar contains a _______ concentration of water and _______ concentation of sugar

Answer 29

low, high

Question 30

Define isotonic

Answer 30

When the concentration of solutes in the solution outside the cell is the same as the internal concentration

Question 31

Define hypertonic

Answer 31

When the concentration of solutes in the solution outside the cell is higher as the internal concentration

Question 32

Define hypotonic

Answer 32

When the concentration of solutes in the solution outside the cell is lower as the internal concentration

Question 33

Why do plants need osmosis?

Answer 33

To make them turgor

Question 34

What is active transport?

Answer 34

The movement of substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration.

Question 35

Name 4 adaptations for exchanging materials

Answer 35

1) Large surface area
2) Thin membrane for short diffusion path
3) Efficient blood supply
4) Being ventilated