Chapter 3: Organization and the Digestive System

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function working together

Question 2

What are organs?

Answer 2

Collections of tissues

Question 3

What are organ systems?

Answer 3

Groups of organs that all work together to form specific functions

Question 4

How has the stomach adapted in its role of digesting food?

Answer 4

• muscular tissue to churn food
• glandular tissue to produce digestive juices
• epilethal tissue which covers the inside and outside of the organ

Question 5

What does the liver do?

Answer 5

produce bile

Question 6

What does the stomach do?

Answer 6

Breaking down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules and absorption

Question 7

What does the small intestine do?

Answer 7

Breaking down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules

Question 8

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 8

Absorbing water from undigested food

Question 9

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 9

molecules that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide the energy for metabolism

Question 10

What foods are carbohydrates typically found in?

Answer 10

rice, bread, potatoes

Question 11

What are simple sugars?

Answer 11

small carbohydrate units, made of two sugar units joined together (e.g. glucose)

Question 12

What are complex carbohydrates?

Answer 12

long chains of simple sugar units bonded together

Question 13

What happens to most of the carbohydrates you will eat?

Answer 13

They will be broken down into glucose used in cellular respiration to provide energy for metabolic reactions in your cells

Question 14

What are lipids?

Answer 14

fats and oils. They are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 15

True or False- lipids are insoluble in water

Answer 15

true

Question 16

Lipids are made up of three molecules of ________, joined to a molecule of ________

Answer 16

fatty acids, glycerol

Question 17

What are proteins?

Answer 17

Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and are made of long chains of amino acids.

Question 18

What are proteins used for?

Answer 18

They are used for building the cells and tissues of the body to form enzymes

Question 19

What are amino acids?

Answer 19

molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen that are the building blocks of proteins

Question 20

The bonds that hold the chains of amino acids into 3D shapes are very sensitive to…

Answer 20

temperature and pH

Question 21

How do you test for carbohydrates?

Answer 21

• iodine test for starch (blue/black)

- benedicts test for sugar (turns brick red)

Question 22

How do you test for protein?

Answer 22

-biuret test (turns purple)

Question 23

How do you test for lipids?

Answer 23

-ethanol (cloudy white layer)

Question 24

What is a catalyst?

Answer 24

a substance that speeds up the rate of another reaction but is not used up or changed itself

Question 25

What are enzymes?

Answer 25

biological catalysts

Question 26

What is metabolism?

Answer 26

Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

Question 27

What is the maximum temperature that enzymes can function

Answer 27

40º

Question 28

What temperature do enzymes work best at?

Answer 28

37º(body temperature)

Question 29

Where are digestive enzymes produced?

Answer 29

They are produced by specialized cells in glands and the lining of the digestive system

Question 30

Enzymes that break down carbohydrates are called…

Answer 30

carbohydrases

Question 31

What does amylase do?

Answer 31

an enzyme that speeds up the digestion of starch into sugars

Question 32

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 32

• salivary glands

- pancreas