Chapter 3: Organization and the Digestive System Flashcards
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function working together
What are organs?
Collections of tissues
What are organ systems?
Groups of organs that all work together to form specific functions
How has the stomach adapted in its role of digesting food?
- muscular tissue to churn food
- glandular tissue to produce digestive juices
- epilethal tissue which covers the inside and outside of the organ
What does the liver do?
produce bile
What does the stomach do?
Breaking down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules and absorption
What does the small intestine do?
Breaking down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules
What does the large intestine do?
Absorbing water from undigested food
What are carbohydrates?
molecules that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide the energy for metabolism
What foods are carbohydrates typically found in?
rice, bread, potatoes
What are simple sugars?
small carbohydrate units, made of two sugar units joined together (e.g. glucose)
What are complex carbohydrates?
long chains of simple sugar units bonded together
What happens to most of the carbohydrates you will eat?
They will be broken down into glucose used in cellular respiration to provide energy for metabolic reactions in your cells
What are lipids?
fats and oils. They are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
True or False- lipids are insoluble in water
true
Lipids are made up of three molecules of ________, joined to a molecule of ________
fatty acids, glycerol
What are proteins?
Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and are made of long chains of amino acids.
What are proteins used for?
They are used for building the cells and tissues of the body to form enzymes
What are amino acids?
molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen that are the building blocks of proteins
The bonds that hold the chains of amino acids into 3D shapes are very sensitive to…
temperature and pH
How do you test for carbohydrates?
- iodine test for starch (blue/black)
- benedicts test for sugar (turns brick red)
How do you test for protein?
-biuret test (turns purple)
How do you test for lipids?
-ethanol (cloudy white layer)
What is a catalyst?
a substance that speeds up the rate of another reaction but is not used up or changed itself
What are enzymes?
biological catalysts
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
What is the maximum temperature that enzymes can function
40º
What temperature do enzymes work best at?
37º(body temperature)
Where are digestive enzymes produced?
They are produced by specialized cells in glands and the lining of the digestive system
Enzymes that break down carbohydrates are called…
carbohydrases
What does amylase do?
an enzyme that speeds up the digestion of starch into sugars
Where is amylase produced?
- salivary glands
- pancreas
