Chapter 5; Color Flashcards

1
Q

S-cone

A

cone sensitive to short wavelength; blue cone.

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2
Q

M-cone

A

cone sensitive to middle wavelength; green cone.

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3
Q

L-cone

A

cone sensitive to long wavelength, red cone.

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4
Q

Photopic

A

light intensity that are bright enough to stimulate the cone receptors and bright enough to saturate the rod receptor; maximum responses.

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5
Q

Scotopic

A

light intensities that are bright enough to stimulate rod receptors but too dim to stimulate cone receptors.

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6
Q

Problem of Univariance

A

the face that an infinite set of different wavelength-intensity combinations can elicit exactly the same response from a single type of photoreceptor one photoreceptor type cannot make color discriminations based on wavelength.

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7
Q

Trichromatic theory of color vision (trichromacy)

A

the theory that the color of any light is defined in our visual system by the relationships of 3 numbers – the output of 3 receptor types now known to be the 3 cones. AKA Young Helmholtz theory.

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8
Q

metamers

A

different mixtures of wavelengths that look identical. More generally, any pair of stimuli that are perceived as identical in spite of physical differences.

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9
Q

Additive color mixtures

A

a mixture of light. If light from A and B are both reflected from a surface to the eye, in the perception of color that effect those two lights add together.

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10
Q

subtractive color mixture

A

a mixture of pigments. If pigment A and B mix, some of the light shining on the surface will be subtracted by A, and some from B. Only the remainder contributes to the perception of the color.

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11
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

A

A structure in the thalamus, part of the midbrain, that receives input from the retinal ganglion cells and has input and output connections to the visual cortex.

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12
Q

cone-opponent cell

A

a cell type found int he retina, LGN and visual cortex - that in effect, subtract one type of cone input form another

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13
Q

achromatopsia

A

inability to perceive color that is caused by damage to the central nervous system

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14
Q

adapting stimulus

A

a stimulus whose removal produces a change in visual perception and sensation

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15
Q

neutral point

A

the point at which an opponent color mechanism is generating no signal. if red-green and blue-yellow mechanisms are at their neutral point, a stimulus will appear achromatic. (black and white process has no neutral point)

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16
Q

deuteranope

A

missing m-cones

17
Q

protanope

A

missing l-cones

18
Q

tritanope

A

missing s-cones

19
Q

color-anomalous

A

color blindness

20
Q

cone monochromat

A

person with only 1 cone, truly color blinded

21
Q

rod monochromat

A

no cones at all, truly color blinded and have bad visual impairment in bright light.

22
Q

agnosia

A

failure to recognize objects in spite of the ability to see them, due to brain damage.

23
Q

anomia

A

cannot name an object even though it is familiar, due to brain damage

24
Q

cultural relativism

A

the idea that basic perceptual experiences may be determined in part by the cultural environment.

25
Q

color contrast

A

color perception effect in which the color of 1 region induced the opponent color in a neighboring region

26
Q

color assimilation

A

color perception effect in which 2 colors bleed into each other, each taking on some of the chromatic quality of the other.

27
Q

unrelated color

A

color that can be experience in isolation

28
Q

related color

A

ex: brown/grey. only seen in relation to other color.

29
Q

color constancy

A

the tendency of a surface to appear the same color under a daily wide range of illumination

30
Q

spectral reflectance function

A

the % of a particular wavelength that is reflected from a surface.

31
Q

spectral power distribution

A

the physical energy in a light as a function of wavelength

32
Q

reflectance

A

the % of light hitting a surface that is reflected and not absorbed into the surface. typically reflectance is given as a function of wavelength