Chapter 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution

Question 1

What was the major ethnic group in all of the colonies?

Answer 1

english

Question 2

What was a similarity among the 13 colonies?

Answer 2

great pop. growth

Question 3

Were there more people east or west of the Alleghenies?

Answer 3

East, the Indians were in the West

Question 4

What were the 5 most populous colonies?

Answer 4

Virginia, Mass., Penn, N. Carolina, Maryland

Question 5

What were the only actual cities?

Answer 5

Philly, NY, Boston, Charlestown

Question 6

90% of the pop. lived in rural or urban?

Answer 6

rural, they were all farmers

Question 7

Why did the Germans come and where did they go?

Answer 7

fleeing religious persecution, bad economy, war

settled in Penn.

Question 8

What did the Pennsylvania Dutch get their name from?

Answer 8

Deusch=German

Question 9

What was the German influence on Pennsylvania?

Answer 9

some German street signs, stone barns

Question 10

Why did the Scots-Irish become squatters?

Answer 10

b/c the catholics and germans had all the land in Penn. so they settled along frontier

Question 11

What Scots-Irish items did the English gov. place restrictions on?

Answer 11

linens and woolens

Question 12

What were Scots-Irish settlements along eastern Appalachian foothills called?

Answer 12

Great Wagon Road

Question 13

What did the Scots-Irish bring with them?

Answer 13

Whiskey distilling

Question 14

Who were the Paxton boys?

Answer 14

group of scots-irish who led an armed march in Penn. against lenient Quaker-Indian policies

Question 15

What movement did the Paxton Boys also lead?

Answer 15

Regulator Movement

Question 16

What was the purpose of the Regulator Movement?

Answer 16

against eastern domination of the colony’s affairs

Question 17

What was the largest non-english group?

Answer 17

Africans

Question 18

Who was the equivalent of the Bacon’s Rebellion?

Answer 18

Paxton Boys

Question 19

What did America and Europe have in common?

Answer 19

slavery

Question 20

Where did the merchant princes get their wealth?

Answer 20

war suppliers -> wealth from war

Question 21

What class other than the merchant princes were created b/c of war?

Answer 21

widows and orphans

Question 22

What did Philadelphia and New York build in 1730 for widows and orphans?

Answer 22

almshouses

Question 23

What were results of the pop. growing?

Answer 23

landholdings subdivided, children forced to hire out as wage laborers

Question 24

Who were involuntarily shipped to America?

Answer 24

paupers and convicts

Question 25

What was the most honored profession?

Answer 25

Christian ministry

Question 26

Describe physicians in 1755

Answer 26

bad: poorly trained, worked as apprentice then turned loose, when physicians weren't available, barber was summoned

Question 27

What were the 2 epidemics?

Answer 27

smallpox, diphtheria

Question 28

What was a common prescription for smallpox?

Answer 28

powdered dried toad

Question 29

Were there many lawyers at the time?

Answer 29

no, farmers would rep. themselves at court

Question 30

Why did the Scots get pushed from the lowlands of Scotland?

Answer 30

spread of commercial farming, rack renting, persecution by Brit. authorities

Question 31

Why did the Scots get pushed out of Ireland?

Answer 31

rack renting

Question 32

What group built floor less log cabins and frequently exhausted the soil and moved on?

Answer 32

scots-irish

Question 33

What was the scots-irish religion?

Answer 33

presbyterian

Question 34

What was the leading industry in America?

Answer 34

ag.

Question 35

What was the staple crop in Maryland and Virginia?

Answer 35

tobacco

Question 36

On the lands that were depleted b/c of tobacco (Chesapeake), what was cultivated?

Answer 36

wheat

Question 37

What were the "bread colonies?

Answer 37

the fertile, middle colonies, produced large amounts of grain

Question 38

What was a major industry in NE?

Answer 38

dried cod

Question 39

Who provisioned the Caribbean with food and forest products and hauled Spanish stuff to London?

Answer 39

yankee seamen

Question 40

Describe the triangular trade

Answer 40

NE: rum, Africa: slaves, Caribbean: molasses | NE>Africa>Caribbean>NE

Question 41

What were the manufactured products?

Answer 41

rum, beaver hats, iron, household manufacturing+spinning and weaving

Question 42

What kinds of people were scarce and highly prized?

Answer 42

strong-backed laborers and skilled craftspeople

Question 43

What was the most important manufacturing activity?

Answer 43

lumbering

Question 44

Why were colonial naval stores highly prized?

Answer 44

Brit. wanted mastery of the seas

Question 45

Describe the America-Britain trade imbalance

Answer 45

America wanted british products but britain did need any

Question 46

What allowed America to buy british products?

Answer 46

Trade w/ west indies

Question 47

What was the Molasses Act? Result?

Answer 47

Aimed at ending N. American trade w/ French west indies | bribing and smuggling

Question 48

What were the tax supported state churches in 1775

Answer 48

Anglican and Congregational

Question 49

Which church was the major prop for kingly authority?

Answer 49

Anglican

Question 50

What were the probs with the Anglican church?

Answer 50

less fierce and more worldly than the rest of NE

Question 51

Which church grew from the Puritan church?

Answer 51

Congregational

Question 52

The congregational church was formally est. in all colonies except:

Answer 52

rhode island

Question 53

What was in the neo-trinity?

Answer 53

Presbyterianism, congregationalism, rebellion

Question 54

Who did the Anglican clergymen support?

Answer 54

the king

Question 55

What did the Anglican church not have?

Answer 55

a resident bishop

Question 56

What were the liberal ideas of the Great Awakening?

Answer 56

humans not predestined to damnation and could save themselves through good works

Question 57

What was in the doctrines of the Arminians?

Answer 57

free will determined a person's fate

Question 58

Jonathan Edwards vs. George Whitefield

Answer 58

Jonathan Edwards started the beliefs, salvation through good works, dependence on God's grace George Whitefield went everywhere preaching with emotion

Question 59

Who were the old lights?

Answer 59

orthodox clergymen skeptical of emotionalism of revivalists

Question 60

What were the effects of the Great Awakening?

Answer 60

undermined the older clergy, increased #s and competitiveness of churches, encouraged missionary work among Indians and Blacks, colleges

Question 61

What was the first spontaneous mass movement of the American people?

Answer 61

Great Awakening

Question 62

What was generally taught in public schools?

Answer 62

religion and classical languages (latin, greek)

Question 63

Who launched the University of Pennsylvania?

Answer 63

Ben Franklin

Question 64

Who were the 4 patrons of the arts?

Answer 64

Trumbull, Paele, West, Copley

Question 65

Who was famous for his George Washington paintings?

Answer 65

Paele

Question 66

What were the architecture forms?

Answer 66

log cabin from sweden, red-bricked georgian style in virginia

Question 67

Who was the best of the poetry poor?

Answer 67

Phillis Wheatley

Question 68

What work of lit. did Ben Franklin put together?

Answer 68

Poor Richard's Almanack

Question 69

What did Ben Franklin invent?

Answer 69

bifocals, Franklin stove

Question 70

What did hand-operated printing presses lead to the production of?

Answer 70

newspapers

Question 71

What was the importance of the Zenger trial?

Answer 71

helped est. the doctrine that true statements about public officials are not libel, freedom of the press

Question 72

Was the upper house of legislature chosen or elected? lower?

Answer 72

upper- chosen by king or proprietor, voters in self gov. | lower- elected by the people

Question 73

What group was seriously underrepresented?

Answer 73

backcountry

Question 74

Who sets the taxes?

Answer 74

legislature

Question 75

Who was Lord Cornbury?

Answer 75

the worst governor

Question 76

How did the colonial assembly assert authority and independence?

Answer 76

power of the purse

Question 77

At town meetings, what was at its best?

Answer 77

democracy

Question 78

What were lotteries used for?

Answer 78

churches and colleges

Question 79

Were stage plays popular in north or south?

Answer 79

south, north preferred religious lectures

Question 80

Why was Christmas frowned upon?

Answer 80

popery

Question 81

What were the similarities among the N. America colonies?

Answer 81

English in lang and customs, protestant, some degree of ethnic and religious toleration, social mobility, some measure of self gov. but not full democracy