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APUSH > Chapter 1: New World Beginnings > Flashcards

Chapter 1: New World Beginnings Flashcards

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0
Q

What led to Indians size an sophistication?

A

Ag. (Corn growing)

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1
Q

Before 1492, what was native farming based off of?

A

Maize

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2
Q

In which direction did corn cultivation spread?

A

From Mexico to America

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3
Q

In what area of America are the pueblo?

A

Rio grande valley

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4
Q

What 2 tribes managed to sustain large settlements?

A

Anasazi and Mound Builders

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5
Q

What is 3 sister farming?

A

Bean vines growing on corn stalks with squash on soil

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6
Q

What was then significance of 3 sister farming?

A

Produced higher pop densities: creek, Choctaw, Cherokee

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7
Q

Hiawatha was?

A

He-a-wat-tha

One of the founders of the Iroquois confederacy, peacemaker

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8
Q

What were the women’s position in native society?

A

Men did hard labor and women had the authority, matrilinear cultures

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9
Q

What caused the open park like appearance of America?

A

Natives started big forest fires for better deer hunting grounds

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10
Q

Who were the Norse and what did they do?

A

Seamen from scandi, landed in Newfoundland, it had a lot of grapes and they named it Vinland

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11
Q

Whose book stimulated european desires?

A

Marco Polo

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12
Q

What could the europeans now do with the caravel?

A

Sail to southern africa

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13
Q

In Portuguese trading posts in Africa, what did slave brokers do?

A

broke up slave families and kin so they would not feel attachment to others on the plantations

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14
Q

Based on large scale comm. ag and cheap wholesale slaves, what was the origin of the modern plantation system?

A

the Portuguese in Africa

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15
Q

What did Bartolomeu Dias do?

A

fart all on your days:

sea route from Portugal to southernmost tip of Africa

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16
Q

What did Vasco da Gama do?

A

las go come on

went under Africa and got to India

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17
Q

What united Spain?

A

the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Elizabeth of Castille

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18
Q

What made Spain start exploring westward?

A

Portugal had control over most of African coast and the route to India

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19
Q

What two inventions assisted Spain in it’s beginning of exploration? (during dawn of the Renaissance)

A

printing press (spread scientific knowledge) and the mariner’s compass

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20
Q

What were Europe, Africa, and the New World’s contributions to the global economic system?

A

Europe: markets, capital, tech
Africa: labor
New World: raw materials, soil (for sugar cane)

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21
Q

What were the most important gifts from the New World?

A

Foodstuffs

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22
Q

What disease did the indians have that helped them get revenge?

A

syphilis

23
Q

Who got what in the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

Spain got most of Americas, Portugal got Brazil and African territory

24
Q

Who was the dominant exploring power in the 1500s?

A

Spain

25
Q

What were the spanish conquistadores’ purpose?

A

the three G’s

26
Q

Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1513)

A

discovered the Pacific Ocean

27
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

circumnavigated the globe

28
Q

Juan Ponce de Leon (1513, 1521)

A

explored Florida

29
Q

Francisco Coronado (1540-1542)

A

discovered 2 natural wonders; grand canyon, enormous herds of buffalo

30
Q

Hernando de Soto (1539-1542)

A

crossed the Mississippi

31
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

crushed the Incas

32
Q

Where did Spain get all its silver?

A

Potosi mines and Mexico

33
Q

What was the Price Revolution?

A

Increased consumer costs 500%, growth of capitalism, filled the vaults of bankers (modern comm. banking system), commerce and manufacturing paid for trade with Asia

34
Q

What is the term for: government would “commend” indians to certain colonists if they promised to Christianize them

A

ecomienda system

35
Q

Indian + Spanish = what race?

A

mestizo

36
Q

What did Hernan Cortes do?

A

cortes = cut heads

defeated the Aztecs

37
Q

What advantages did Cortes have?

A

2 interpreters and powerful weapons

38
Q

What did Cortes want from the Aztecs?

A

their silver (money)

39
Q

What was the purpose of the Spanish fortress in Florida?

A

to block imperial possessions from French and protect sea lanes to Caribbean

40
Q

What happened at the Battle of Acoma?

A

proclaimed area to be province of New Mexico in 1609, capital at Santa Fe

41
Q

What was the central mission/purpose in New Mexico?

A

to convert people to Roman Catholicism

42
Q

Did the pueblo rebels take back their lands forever due to the Pope’s Rebellion?

A

No, Spanish got it back ½ a century later

43
Q

What happened in the Pope’s Rebellion?

A

Pueblo rebels destroyed all catholic churches in NM and killed many priests and settlers, built a kiva as revenge for what Cortes did

44
Q

What was the effect of the French sending Robert de la Salle down the Mississippi River? (1680s)

A

the Spanish est. settlements in TX

45
Q

Father Junipero de Serra

A

led a chain of 21 spanish missions from San Diego to Sonoma; converted the semi nomadic indians

46
Q

What was the Black Legend?

A

the false concept that conquerors only abused and butchered indians, stole their gold, infected them, and left misery behind

47
Q

What was the importance of Pueblos?

A

they were large civilizations due to 3 sister farming

49
Q

In what year do Africans show up in America?

A

1620

50
Q

What products did Europeans want after the crusades?

A

exotic asian goods: silk, drugs, perfume, draperies, sugar

51
Q

Why were Asian luxuries so expensive for Europeans?

A

had to be transported long distances

52
Q

What were the Arab and African slave trading practices and why?

A

kins and families were broken up and slaves were mixed so they would feel no sense of attachment

53
Q

What was the impact of American foodstuffs on Africa?

A

easy to grow, leading to a population increase (recovery from the amount lost as slaves)

54
Q

How did the intro of sugar impact the population of the Americas?

A

increased amount of Africans, and also caused a growth in population overall

55
Q

What allowed the conquistadores to achieve success?

A

disease

APUSH (8 decks)

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