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Chapter 1: New World Beginnings Flashcards

0
Q

What led to Indians size an sophistication?

A

Ag. (Corn growing)

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1
Q

Before 1492, what was native farming based off of?

A

Maize

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2
Q

In which direction did corn cultivation spread?

A

From Mexico to America

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3
Q

In what area of America are the pueblo?

A

Rio grande valley

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4
Q

What 2 tribes managed to sustain large settlements?

A

Anasazi and Mound Builders

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5
Q

What is 3 sister farming?

A

Bean vines growing on corn stalks with squash on soil

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6
Q

What was then significance of 3 sister farming?

A

Produced higher pop densities: creek, Choctaw, Cherokee

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7
Q

Hiawatha was?

A

He-a-wat-tha

One of the founders of the Iroquois confederacy, peacemaker

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8
Q

What were the women’s position in native society?

A

Men did hard labor and women had the authority, matrilinear cultures

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9
Q

What caused the open park like appearance of America?

A

Natives started big forest fires for better deer hunting grounds

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10
Q

Who were the Norse and what did they do?

A

Seamen from scandi, landed in Newfoundland, it had a lot of grapes and they named it Vinland

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11
Q

Whose book stimulated european desires?

A

Marco Polo

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12
Q

What could the europeans now do with the caravel?

A

Sail to southern africa

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13
Q

In Portuguese trading posts in Africa, what did slave brokers do?

A

broke up slave families and kin so they would not feel attachment to others on the plantations

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14
Q

Based on large scale comm. ag and cheap wholesale slaves, what was the origin of the modern plantation system?

A

the Portuguese in Africa

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15
Q

What did Bartolomeu Dias do?

A

fart all on your days:

sea route from Portugal to southernmost tip of Africa

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16
Q

What did Vasco da Gama do?

A

las go come on

went under Africa and got to India

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17
Q

What united Spain?

A

the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Elizabeth of Castille

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18
Q

What made Spain start exploring westward?

A

Portugal had control over most of African coast and the route to India

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19
Q

What two inventions assisted Spain in it’s beginning of exploration? (during dawn of the Renaissance)

A

printing press (spread scientific knowledge) and the mariner’s compass

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20
Q

What were Europe, Africa, and the New World’s contributions to the global economic system?

A

Europe: markets, capital, tech
Africa: labor
New World: raw materials, soil (for sugar cane)

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21
Q

What were the most important gifts from the New World?

A

Foodstuffs

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22
Q

What disease did the indians have that helped them get revenge?

23
Q

Who got what in the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

Spain got most of Americas, Portugal got Brazil and African territory

24
Who was the dominant exploring power in the 1500s?
Spain
25
What were the spanish conquistadores' purpose?
the three G's
26
Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1513)
discovered the Pacific Ocean
27
Ferdinand Magellan
circumnavigated the globe
28
Juan Ponce de Leon (1513, 1521)
explored Florida
29
Francisco Coronado (1540-1542)
discovered 2 natural wonders; grand canyon, enormous herds of buffalo
30
Hernando de Soto (1539-1542)
crossed the Mississippi
31
Francisco Pizarro
crushed the Incas
32
Where did Spain get all its silver?
Potosi mines and Mexico
33
What was the Price Revolution?
Increased consumer costs 500%, growth of capitalism, filled the vaults of bankers (modern comm. banking system), commerce and manufacturing paid for trade with Asia
34
What is the term for: government would "commend" indians to certain colonists if they promised to Christianize them
ecomienda system
35
Indian + Spanish = what race?
mestizo
36
What did Hernan Cortes do?
cortes = cut heads | defeated the Aztecs
37
What advantages did Cortes have?
2 interpreters and powerful weapons
38
What did Cortes want from the Aztecs?
their silver (money)
39
What was the purpose of the Spanish fortress in Florida?
to block imperial possessions from French and protect sea lanes to Caribbean
40
What happened at the Battle of Acoma?
proclaimed area to be province of New Mexico in 1609, capital at Santa Fe
41
What was the central mission/purpose in New Mexico?
to convert people to Roman Catholicism
42
Did the pueblo rebels take back their lands forever due to the Pope's Rebellion?
No, Spanish got it back ½ a century later
43
What happened in the Pope's Rebellion?
Pueblo rebels destroyed all catholic churches in NM and killed many priests and settlers, built a kiva as revenge for what Cortes did
44
What was the effect of the French sending Robert de la Salle down the Mississippi River? (1680s)
the Spanish est. settlements in TX
45
Father Junipero de Serra
led a chain of 21 spanish missions from San Diego to Sonoma; converted the semi nomadic indians
46
What was the Black Legend?
the false concept that conquerors only abused and butchered indians, stole their gold, infected them, and left misery behind
47
What was the importance of Pueblos?
they were large civilizations due to 3 sister farming
49
In what year do Africans show up in America?
1620
50
What products did Europeans want after the crusades?
exotic asian goods: silk, drugs, perfume, draperies, sugar
51
Why were Asian luxuries so expensive for Europeans?
had to be transported long distances
52
What were the Arab and African slave trading practices and why?
kins and families were broken up and slaves were mixed so they would feel no sense of attachment
53
What was the impact of American foodstuffs on Africa?
easy to grow, leading to a population increase (recovery from the amount lost as slaves)
54
How did the intro of sugar impact the population of the Americas?
increased amount of Africans, and also caused a growth in population overall
55
What allowed the conquistadores to achieve success?
disease

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