Chapter 5: Cohesion

Question 1

group dynamics

Answer 1

• the study of a nature of groups and their development, and the interrelationships between groups and individuals, other groups , and larger institutions

Question 2

processes of cohesion

Answer 2

• communication
• decision making
• cohesion

Question 3

communication

Answer 3

• how a group communicates
• positive relationships with group cohesion
• providing opportunities to socialize
• arranging the dressing room so players can talk to each other more easily
• modify any dissenting ideas
• promote cooperation and reduce rivalry by focusing on group goals and deemphasizing personal goals

Question 4

decision making

Answer 4

• making decisions as a group
• majority rule
• group think

Question 5

majority rule

Answer 5

• majority has the choice
• tend to make better decisions
• equal participation and power for all members

Question 6

groupthink

Answer 6

• sometimes can reflect conformity = worse decisions
• mode of thinking that people engage in when members in a group are so focused on a unanimous decision that it takes away other options
• group thinks the same way = conformity
• important to have people with different perspectives

Question 7

cohesion

Answer 7

• most important
• enhanced levels of cohesion are associated with key outcomes for both the individuals and the team in sports settings
• groups stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives
• 2 types : task and social

Question 8

task cohesion

Answer 8

• the person’s willingness to work collectively to achieve the team’s objectives

Question 9

social cohesion

Answer 9

• the orientation for developing and maintaining social relationships within the group

Question 10

4 key characteristics of cohesion

Answer 10

• Dynamic
• Multidimensional
• Instrumental
• Affective

Question 11

Dynamic

Answer 11

the reasons for cohesion can change over time

Question 12

multidimensional

Answer 12

the factors that hold the group together can be varied and numerous

Question 13

instrumental

Answer 13

all groups form for a reason or purpose

Question 14

affective

Answer 14

emotional ties to a group

Question 15

group integration

Answer 15

• benefits each member holds about the group as a collective
• social : our team likes to spend time together on the off season
• task : one team is united and trying to achieve personal goals

Question 16

Individual attraction to groups

Answer 16

• beliefs each member hold about the personal beliefs of being in a group
• task: I am happy with the level of my team’s desire to win
• social :

Question 17

correlation is …

Answer 17

• NOT CAUSATION
• just because something is related, doesn’t mean it was caused by one thing or the other

Question 18

environmental correlates

Answer 18

• group size : inverse relationship between cohesion and group size, smaller groups = more cohesive
• specific activity setting : context/setting activity occurs and correlates with cohesion

Question 19

leadership correlates

Answer 19

• leader’s behavior = increase cohesion
  
  • training and instruction ( behaviors to improve team)
  • social support
  • positive feedback
• leader’s decision style ( design to which leaders make decisions and who is involved )
• Autocratic and democratic
• team building activities ( programs to promote cohesion and unity within teams , leader usually leads/guides)

Question 20

autocratic decision making

Answer 20

• independent decision making and authority

Question 21

democratic decision making

Answer 21

• greater participation by athletes = team goals + strategies
• more democratic = increased cohesion

Question 22

personal correlates

Answer 22

• Individual adherence
• intention and actual return
• individual effort
• social loafing
• individual sacrifice
• self-sabotaging

Question 23

individual adherence

Answer 23

• greater cohesiveness = increased adherence ( sticking to program and participation )
  ex. team building

Question 24

intention and actual return

Answer 24

occurs when cohesion is increased

Question 25

individual effort

Answer 25

actual and perceived = increased perception of cohesion

Question 26

social loafing

Answer 26

- reduction of individual effort in social settings

Question 27

individual sacrifice

Answer 27

- sacrifices an individual is willing to make for a group

Question 28

self-sabotaging

Answer 28

- using strategies that protect your own self-esteem that provides excuses for events that are upcoming in anticipation of failure ex. protecting your ego, blaming the team instead of self

Question 29

team correlates

Answer 29

- positive outcomes and positive outcomes increases with team success - collective efficacy is the group shared perception of the capability to succeed at a given task - psychological momentum means a team is progressing towards its goal - athlete starting status affects cohesion. ( more successful = same cohesion, less successful = more cohesion between starters and non-starters )

Question 30

principles underlying team building program

Answer 30

team structure team environment team process

Question 31

team structure

Answer 31

- role clarity and acceptance: team members to clearly understand their role and are satisfied with it - leadership: leader behaviors - conformity to standards: enhanced cohesiveness when there's conformity to group's social norms

Question 32

team environment

Answer 32

- togetherness: physical proximity increases cohesion - distinctiveness : easy to recognize

Question 33

team processes

Answer 33

- sacrifices increase cohesion - goals and objectives : group goals = team success more than individual goals and more members participating in goal setting - cooperation increases cohesion

Question 34

team-building pre-requisites

Answer 34

- shared team values - valued need to be shared and understood by all group members