Chapter 5 - Civil Rights and Public Policy

Question 0

The constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that states, “No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”

Answer 0

Fourteenth Amendment

Question 1

Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals

Answer 1

Civil rights

Question 2

Part of the 14th Amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent “protection” to all people.

Answer 2

Equal protection of the laws

Question 3

The 1857 Supreme Court decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories

Answer 3

Scott v. Sandford

Question 4

The constitutional amendment ratified after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude

Answer 4

Thirteenth Amendment

Question 5

An 1896 SC decision that provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana law requiring “equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races” was constitutional

Answer 5

Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 6

The 1954 SC decision holding that school segregation in Topeka, Kansas was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection. This case ended legal segregation In the U.S.

Answer 6

Brown v. Board of Education

Question 7

The law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination

Answer 7

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 8

The legal right to vote , extended to African Americans by the Fifteenth Amendment, to women by the Nineteenth Amendment, and to people over the age of 18 by the Twenty-sixth Amendment

Answer 8

Suffrage

Question 9

Small taxes levied on the right to vote that often feel due at a time of year when poor African-American sharecroppers had the least cash on hand. This method was used by most Southern states to exclude African Americans from voting

Answer 9

Poll taxes

Question 10

One of the means used to discourage African-American voting that permitted political parties in the heavily Democratic South to exclude African Americans from primary elections, thus depriving them of a voice in the real contests and letting them vote only when it mattered least

Answer 10

White primary

Question 11

The constitutional amendment passed in 1964 that declared poll taxes void in federal elections

Answer 11

Twenty-fourth Amendment

Question 12

A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African-American elected officials increased dramatically

Answer 12

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Question 13

A 1944 SC decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during WWII

Answer 13

Korematsu v. United States

Question 14

The constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote

Answer 14

Nineteenth Amendment

Question 15

A constitutional amendment originally introduced in Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.” It gained little support though

Answer 15

Equal Rights Amendment

Question 16

The landmark case in 1971 in which the Supreme Court for the first time upheld a claim of gender discrimination

Answer 16

Reed v. Reed

Question 17

In this 1975 ruling, the Supreme Court established the “medium scrutiny” standard for determining gender discrimination

Answer 17

Craig v. Boren

Question 18

The issue raised when women who hold traditionally female jobs are paid less than men for working at jobs requiring comparable skill

Answer 18

Comparable worth

Question 19

A law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make “reasonable accommodations” for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment

Answer 19

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

Question 20

A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group

Answer 20

Affirmative action

Question 21

A 1978 SC decision holding that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race

Answer 21

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Question 22

A 1995 SC decision holding that federal programs that classify people by race, even for an ostensibly benign such as expanding opportunities for minorities, should be presumed to be unconstitutional

Answer 22

Adarand Constructors v. Pena

Question 23

The constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans

Answer 23

Fifteenth Amendment