Chapter 15 - The Federal Bureaucracy

Question 0

A hiring or promotion system based on political reasons rather than on merit or competence

Answer 0

Patronage

Question 1

A hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principles, and behaves with impersonality. They govern modern states

Answer 1

Bureaucracy

Question 2

Passed in 1883, an Act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage

Answer 2

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Question 3

A system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and the desire to create a nonpartisan government service

Answer 3

Civil service

Question 4

The idea that hiring should be based on entrance exams and promotion ratings to produce administration by people with talent and skill

Answer 4

Merit principle

Question 5

A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics

Answer 5

Hatch Act

Question 6

The office in charge of hiring for most agencies of the federal government, using elaborate rules in the process

Answer 6

Office of Personnel Management (OPM)

Question 7

A schedule for federal employees, ranging from GS 1 to GS 18, by which salaries can be keyed to rating and experience

Answer 7

GS (General Schedule) rating

Question 8

An elite cadre of about 9,000 federal government managers, established by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, who are mostly career officials but include some political appointees who do not require Senate confirmation

Answer 8

Senior Executive Service (SES)

Question 9

A government agency responsible for some sector of the economy, making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest. It also judges disputes over these rules

Answer 9

Independent regulatory agency

Question 10

A government organization that, like business corporations, provides a service that could be provided by the private sector and typically charges for its services. ex. U.S. Postal Service

Answer 10

Government corporation

Question 11

The government not accounted for by cabinet departments, independent regulatory agencies, and government corporations. Its administrators are typically appointed by the president and serve at the president’s pleasure. ex. NASA

Answer 11

Independent executive agency

Question 12

The stage of policymaking between the establishment of a policy and the consequences of the policy for the people whom it affects. Involves translating the goals and objectives of a policy into an operating, ongoing program.

Answer 12

Policy implementation

Question 13

Procedures used by bureaucrats to bring uniformity to complex organizations

Answer 13

Standard Operating Procedures

Question 14

The authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem

Answer 14

Administrative discretion

Question 15

Bureaucrats who are in constant contact with the public and have considerable administrative discretion

Answer 15

Street-level bureaucrats

Question 16

The use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector. They pervade the daily lives of people and institutions

Answer 16

Regulation

Question 17

The existing system of regulation whereby government tells business how to reach certain goals, checks that these commands are followed, and punishes offenders

Answer 17

Command-and-control policy

Question 18

A more effective and efficient policy than command-and-control; market-like strategies are used to manage public policy

Answer 18

Incentive system

Question 19

The lifting of restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities for which government rules had been established and that bureaucracies had been created to administer

Answer 19

Deregulation

Question 20

Regulations originating from the executive branch. One method the president can use to control the bureaucracy

Answer 20

Executive orders

Question 21

A mutually dependent relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees. (subgovernments)

Answer 21

Iron triangles