Chapter 3 - Federalism

Question 0

A way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government

Answer 0

Unitary governments

Question 1

A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels or government have formal authority over the same land and people. It is a system of shared power between units of government

Answer 1

Federalism

Question 2

The national government is weak and most or all of the power is in the hands of its components (states)

Answer 2

Confederation

Question 3

The working of the federal system- the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments

Answer 3

Intergovernmental relations

Question 4

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits

Answer 4

Supremacy clause

Question 5

The constitutional amendment stating that “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people”

Answer 5

Tenth Amendment

Question 6

An 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments. It first brought the issue of state versus national power to the Supreme Court

Answer 6

McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 7

Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution

Answer 7

Enumerated powers

Question 8

Powers of the federal government that go beyond those stated in the Constitution. According to the Constitution, Congress has the power to “make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution

Answer 8

Implied powers

Question 9

The “necessary and proper” clause of the Constitution

Answer 9

Elastic clause

Question 10

A case in 1824 in which the Supreme Court interpreted very broadly the clause in the Constitution, giving Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity

Answer 10

Gibbons v. Ogden

Question 11

A clause in the Constitution that requires each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgements rendered by the courts of other states

Answer 11

Full faith and credit

Question 12

States are required to return a person charged with a crime in other state to that state for trial or imprisonment

Answer 12

Extradition

Question 13

The requirement that citizens of each state receive all the privileges of any other state in which they happen to be

Answer 13

Privileges and immunities

Question 14

A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies

Answer 14

Dual federalism

Question 15

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. Everything is blurred and mingled

Answer 15

Cooperative federalism

Question 16

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system. It’s the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local governments

Answer 16

Fiscal federalism

Question 17

Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes of state and local spending. Main source of federal aid to the state and local governments

Answer 17

Categorical grants

Question 18

A type of categorical grant that is awarded on the basis of competitive applications. Used for specific purposes

Answer 18

Project grants

Question 19

A type of categorical grant distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative legislations

Answer 19

Formula grants

Question 20

Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services

Answer 20

Block grants

Question 21

The main instrument the national government uses for both aiding and influencing states and localities

Answer 21

Grants-in-aid