Chapter 5 Civil Liberties (Gov1) Flashcards
Civil Liberties
The limits on government that allow people to freely exercise their rights
Selective Incorporation
The extension of protections from the Bill of rights to the state governments, one right at a time
Judicial rules
Hard-and-fast boundaries between what is lawful and what is not
Judicial Standards
Guiding principles that help governments make judgement calls
Establishment clause
In the First Amendment, the principle that government may not establish an official religion
Free exercise clause
In the First Amendment, the principle that government may not interfere in religious practice
Accommodation
The principle that government does not violate the establishment clause as long as it does not confer an advantage to some religions over others
Hate crime
Crime stemming from prejudice based on someone’s personal characteristics, such as race, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation
Hate Speech
Hostile statements based on someone’s personal characteristics, such as race, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation
Clear and present danger
Court doctrine that permits restrictions of free speech if officials believe that the speech will lead to prohibited action like violence or terrorism
Symbolic expressionism
An act, rather than actual speech, used to demonstrate a point of view
Fighting words
Expression inherently likely to provoke violent reaction and not necessarily protected by the First Amendment
Prior Restraint
Legal effort to stop speech before it occurs in effect, censorship
Exclusionary Rule
The ruling that evidence obtained in an illegal search may not be introduced in a trial
Grand Jury
A jury that does not decide on guilt or innocence but only on whether there is enough evidence for the case to go to trial
