Chapter 4 Fedralism and Nationalism

Question 1

Unitary Government

Answer 1

A national polity governed as a single unit, with the central government exercising all or most political authority

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

The spreading of policy ideas from one city or state to others; a process typical of US federalism

Question 3

Granted Powers

Answer 3

National government powers set out explicitly in the constitution

Question 4

Necessary and Proper Clause

Answer 4

The constitutional declaration (in article 1, section 8) that defines congress’s constitutional authority to exercise the “necessary and proper” powers to carry out its designated functions

Question 5

Supremacy Clause

Answer 5

The constitutional declaration (in article 6, section 2) that the national government’s authority prevails over any conflicting state or local government’s claims

Question 6

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Answer 6

The Constitutional requirement (in Article 4, Section 1) that each state recognize and uphold laws passed by any other state

Question 7

Reserved Powers

Answer 7

The constitutional guarantee (in the Tenth Amendment) that the states retain government authority not explicitly granted to the national government

Question 8

Concurrent Powers

Answer 8

Governmental authority shared by national and state governments, such as the power to tax residents

Question 9

Dual Federalism

Answer 9

Also called layer cake federalism, the clear division of governing authority between national and state governments

Question 10

Cooperative Federalism

Answer 10

Also called marble cake federalism, a system of mingled governing authority, with functions overlapping across national and state governments

Question 11

New Federalism

Answer 11

A version of cooperative federalism, but with stronger emphasis on state and local government activity versus national government

Question 12

Block Grants

Answer 12

National government funding provided to state and local governments with relatively few restrictions or requirements on spending

Question 13

Grants-in-Aid

Answer 13

National government funding provided to state and local governments, along with specific instructions about how the funds may be used

Question 14

Devolution

Answer 14

The transfer of authority from the national to the state or local government level

Question 15

Credit Claiming

Answer 15

The ability of political figures to generate a belief among their constituents or supporters that they are personally responsible for some government action or achievement

Question 16

Unfunded Mandates

Answer 16

An obligation imposed on state or local government officials by federal legislation without sufficient federal funding support to cover the costs

Question 17

Civic Voluntarism

Answer 17

Citizen participation in public life without government incentives or coercion (speaking at a town meeting vs. paying taxes, for example)

Question 18

Strong Nation

Answer 18

Robust spirit of national identity shared by a people

Question 19

Inherent Powers

Answer 19

National government powers implied by , but not specifically named in, the Constitution