Chapter 5 - Chemical Bonding Flashcards
What is a binary compound?
Compounds containing only two elements.
What are covalent bonds?
Covalent bonds are formed between pairs of atoms sharing electrons.
What is a covalent molecular substance?
Substances that are made up of simple covalent molecules.
What is a covalent network solid?
Solids in which the covalent bonding extends indefinitely throughout the whole crystal.
What is an empirical formula?
Formulae that give the ratio by ions of elements in a compound rather than the actual numbers of atoms in a molecule.
What is an intermolecular force?
Forces between one molecule and its neighbours. Weak forces between pairs of molecules.
What is ionic bonding?
A type of chemical bonding that involves the outright transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
What does an ionic bond consist of?
Electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions formed by the transfer of electrons.
What does a metallic structure consist of?
An orderly three-dimensional array of positive ions held together by a mobile ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons.
What is a polyatomic ion?
Two atoms which have joined together.
What is a molecular formula?
A covalent molecular substance is called a molecular formula.
What are the two valencies of copper?
Cu+, Cu 2+.
What are the two valencies of Iron?
Fe 2+, Fe 3+
What are the two valencies of Lead?
Pb 2+, Pb 4+
What are the two valencies of Tin?
Sn 2+, Sn 4+
The formula for Ammonium is…
NH4+
The formula for Hydroxide is…
OH-
The formula for Nitrate is…
NO3-
The formula for Sulfate is…
SO4 2-
The formula for Carbonate is…
CO3 2-
The formula for Phosphate is…
PO4 3-
What state are ionic substances at room temperate?
Solid.
What state are covalent molecular substances at room temperature?
Generally gases (N2, SO2, NH3), or liquids (H2O, CCl4, methanol CH3OH), a few solids (I2, PCl5, CBr4)
What melting and boiling points fo ionic substances have?
High melting points.
High boiling points.
