Chapter 2 - Properties of matter Flashcards
What are the physical properties of a substance?
The characteristics that we can observe or measure without changing it into a different substance.
What are the chemical properties of a substance?
Properties that involve the change of the substance into a different substance.
What is the melting point of a substance?
The lowest temperature at which the solid change to a liquid.
What is the freezing point of a liquid?
The highest temperature at which the liquid can be converted to a solid.
What is the boiling point of a substance?
The lowest temperature at which the liquid boils (converts to a gas with visible bubbles forming) at the started pressure.
What does it mean for a substance to be volatile?
For it to be easily converted to a vapour.
What does it mean for a substance to be non-volatile
For it to not be easily converted to a vapour or that evaporation is quite slow.
What is a vapour?
A vapour is a gas that is easily liquefied or condenses, a gas close to its boiling point.
What is the formula for density?
density = mass/volume
What is filtration?
Filtration is a method of separating an undissolved solid from a liquid or solution. The solution or liquid that passes through a filter paper is called the filtrate.
What does evaporate to dryness mean?
Heat a solution in an evaporating basin to drive off all the solvent.
What does distillation mean?
Distillation is the process in which a solution or mixture of liquids is boiled, with the vapour formed being condensed back to a liquid in a different part of the apparatus and so separated from the mixture.
What is the liquid collected from a distillation called?
Distillate.
What is fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is a process in which a mixture of liquids is separated by being put through many successive distillations (vaporisations and condensations) in one piece of equipment.
What is sedimentation?
Sedimentation is the process in which solids settle to the bottom of a container.
What is decanting or decantation?
Decanting or decantation is the process of carefully pouring off the liquid and leaving the solid undisturbed at the bottom of the container.
What does it mean for a liquid to be immiscible?
Liquids that mix to form a heterogeneous liquid.
What can be used to seperate immiscible liquids?
A separating funnel.
What is gravimetric analysis?
Determining the quantities of substances present in a sample.
What do the percentages in percentage composition show?
The percentage composition of a mixture gives the percentage of each pure substance present in the mixture.
What is Group 1 on the periodic table?
Alkali metals.
What is Group 2 on the periodic table?
Alkaline earth metals.
What is Group 17 on the periodic table?
Halogens.
What is Group 18 on the periodic table?
Noble gases.
