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Chemistry - Module 1 - Properties of Matter > Chapter 3 - Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What does an atom consist of?

A

Contains a small dense nucleus or core, which contains the bulk of the mass of the atom and carries positive electrical charges.

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2
Q

What is an electron?

A

An extremely small negatively charged particle.

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3
Q

What is a proton?

A

A small positively charged particle.

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4
Q

What is a neutron?

A

A small neutral particle.

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5
Q

What is the atomic number of an element?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atoms of that element.

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6
Q

What is the mass number of an element?

A

The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

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7
Q

What is an isotope?

A

The atoms of one element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

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8
Q

What is the relative abundance of an isotope?

A

The percentage of that isotope in the naturally occurring element.

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9
Q

What is radioactivity?

A

The spontaneous emission of radiation that occurs with certain isotopes and arises because some isotopes are unstable.

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10
Q

What is an Alpha ray/alpha particle?

A

Relatively heavy positively charged particles.

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11
Q

What is the penetration power for Alpha rays?

A

Low.

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12
Q

What are Beta rays/beta particles?

A

Beta rays are much lighter than alpha rays, they are negatively charged

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13
Q

What is the penetration power for Alpha rays?

A

Greater penetrating power than Alpha rays but less than that of Gamma rays.

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14
Q

What are Gamma rays?

A

Gamma rays are like X-rays and ultraviolet radiation. They carry no charge.

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15
Q

What is the penetration power of Gamma rays?

A

They are extremely penetrating.

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16
Q

Radioisotopes that emit alpha radiation…

A

Loose a helium nucleus, therefore making the substance loose 2 protons and two neutrons. The element goes down the periodic table by 2 (the bottom number) and looses 4 from the top number next to the element.

17
Q

Radioisotopes that emit Beta radiation…

A

loose an electron, therefore moving the element up one on the period table and has no effect on the top number of protons + neutrons.

18
Q

What is the half-life of a radioisotope?

A

The time required for half the atoms in a given sample to undergo radioactive decay. The half-life is independent of the initial amount of the isotope present.

19
Q

What is the highest energy level called?

A

Valence electrons.

20
Q

What is the outmost energy level called?

A

Valence shell.

21
Q

What is an orbital?

A

The volume of space surrounding the nucleus of an atom through which one or two electrons my randomly move.

22
Q

How many orbitals does the first energy level consist of?

A

One s orbital.

23
Q

How many orbitals does the second energy level consist of?

A

Four orbitals, one s and three p orbitals.

24
Q

How many orbitals does the third energy level have?

A

9 orbitals, one s, three p, and five d orbitals

25
Q

How many orbitals does the fourth energy level contain?

A

14 orbitals, one s, three p, five d, and seven f.

26
Q

What is the flame colour for Lithium?

A

Dull red.

27
Q

What is the flame colour for Sodium?

A

Yellow.

28
Q

What is the flame colour for Potassium?

A

Light purple.

29
Q

What is the flame colour for Calcium?

A

Brick-red.

30
Q

What is the flame colour for Strontium?

A

Scarlet.

31
Q

What is the flame colour for Barium?

A

Pale green.

32
Q

What is the flame colour for Copper?

A

Blue-green.

33
Q

What is Bohr’s theory of atomic structure?

A

He considered electrons as particles orbiting the nucleus as planets orbit the sun

34
Q

What is Schrödinger’s theory of atomic structure?

A

He showed that electrons move at extremely high speeds more or less randomly throughout volumes of space around the nucleus, called orbitals.

35
Q

What is Planck’s quantum theory?

A

He proposes that in atoms energy is not continuously variable but exsists in discrete packages.

Chemistry - Module 1 - Properties of Matter (6 decks)

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