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ISSA Strength & Conditioning > Chapter 5: Cardiorespiratory & Support Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Cardiorespiratory & Support Systems Flashcards

1
Q

CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A

Combination of cardiovascular system & respiratory system

  • Transports oxygen & nutrients to the cells
  • Remove waste (carbon dioxide) from the body
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2
Q

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

Heart, bloodstream & blood vessels

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3
Q

PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A
  • Delivery of oxygen & nutrients
  • Removal of carbon dioxide & metabolic wastes
  • Transport hormones
  • Maintenance of body temperature
  • Prevents infection
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4
Q

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A

Lungs & respiratory pathways

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5
Q

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

A

System that circulates blood & lymph through the body
- 2 parts:
1. Cardiovascular System- heart, blood, & blood vessels
2. Lymphatic System- lymph, lymphatic vessels, &
glands

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6
Q

ATRIUM

A

2 upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles
- Collection

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7
Q

VENTRICLE

A

One of 2 lower chambers of the heart, below the left & right atria
- Distribution

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8
Q

SYSTEMIC VEINS

A

Veins that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

- Deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

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9
Q

PULMONARY VEIN

A

One of the veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart (left atrium)

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10
Q

FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART

A

Left Side:
- Receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs
- Send blood to the body to deliver oxygen
Right Side:
- Receives oxygen poor blood from the body
- Sends blood to the lungs to be oxygenated

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11
Q

VEIN

A

Tubes forming part of the blood circulation system

- Usually carries oxygen depleted blood toward the heart

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12
Q

AORTA

A

Main artery of body

- Supplies oxygenated blood to the circulatory system

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13
Q

INFERIOR VENA CAVA

A

Large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart from the lower body
- Blood is oxygen-poor from distributing oxygen to cells throughout the body to support metabolism

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14
Q

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

A

Large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart from the head, arms, & upper body
- Blood is oxygen-poor from distributing oxygen to cells throughout the body to support metabolism

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15
Q

PULMONARY ARTERY

A

Artery carrying blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation
- Also drops off metabolic waste products to be expelled

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16
Q

SINATRIAL NODE (SA NODE)

A

Small cluster of cells in the heart located in the right atrium
- Generates the electrical impulses responsible for the heartbeat, causing the heart to contract

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17
Q

CARDIAC CYCLE

A

One alternating contraction & relaxation of the heart during one heartbeat, from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next

  • Contraction Phase= Systole
  • Relaxation Phase= Diastole
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18
Q

DIASTOLE

A
  • All heart muscle in relaxation
  • All heart valves closed
  • Blood returns to atria
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19
Q

ATRIAL SYSTOLE

A
  • Atria in contraction
  • AV Valves are open
  • Blood into ventricles
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20
Q

VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE

A
  • Ventricles in contraction
  • Semilunar Valves are open
  • Blood passes to arteries
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21
Q

HEART RATE (HR)

A

Speed of the heartbeat

  • Measured by number of contractions (beats) in one minute (Beats Per Minute= BPM)
  • Changes are facilitated by Cardiac Center of the Medulla Oblongata
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22
Q

FACTORS INFLUENCING HEART RATE

A

Change in nervous system response= changes in HR

  • Emotional state
  • Sleep & Circadian Rhythm
  • Age
  • Current body position (sitting v. standing)
  • Body composition
  • Body temperature
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23
Q

ARTERY

A

Muscular-walled tubes forming part of circulation system by which blood (mainly oxygenated) is sent from the heart to all parts of the body

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24
Q

VENULE

A

Very small vein

- Collects deoxygenated blood from capillaries

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25
Q

PULSE

A

Rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through
- Typically felt in wrists or neck, but can be found anywhere an artery is close to the surface of the skin & rests against something solid (bone, tendon, or ligament)

26
Q

STROKE VOLUME

A

Amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction
- Exercise strengthens the heart & increases stroke volume, so the heart doesn’t need to beat as frequently to circulate blood (lower HR)

27
Q

BLOOD PRESSURE

A

Pressure of the blood in the circulatory system; good measure for diagnosis because it’s closely related to the force & rate of the heartbeat & diameter & elasticity of arterial walls

  • Normal= 120/80mmHg
  • High= 140/90mm/Hg
28
Q

SYSTOLIC PRESSURE

A

Pressure on walls of arteries during heart’s contraction

  • Top/first number on BP reading
  • Normal= 120mmHg
29
Q

DIASTOLIC PRESSURE

A

Pressure on walls of arteries during heart’s relaxation

  • Bottom/second number on BP reading
  • Normal= 80mmHg
30
Q

TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS

A
  1. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
    • Carry oxygen from lungs to the body
    • Carry carbon dioxide from the body back to lungs
  2. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
    • Fights bacteria, viruses, & foreign cells/organisms
  3. Platelets (Thrombocytes)
    • Factor in blood clotting
31
Q

PLASMA

A

Liquid portion of blood

  • Made of: water, protein, sugar & fat particles
  • Comprises about 55% of blood volume
32
Q

LYMPH

A

Colorless fluid, containing leukocytes; created when blood plasma flows through capillary walls
- Bathes the tissue & drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream

33
Q

INTERSTITIAL FLUID

A

Substance that fills the spaces between cells
- Composed of: water, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, coenzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, salts, & cellular products

34
Q

ROLES OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

A
  • Balance body fluids
  • Absorb fat-soluble nutrients
  • Defend against illness & disease
35
Q

LYMPHOCYTE

A

Form of leukocyte with 1 round nucleus

- Occurs in the lymphatic system

36
Q

MACROPHAGE

A

Large phagocytic cell, found in stationary form in tissues or as mobile white blood cell
- Found especially at sites of infection

37
Q

T-LYMPHOCYTES

A

Type of white blood cell, managed & matured in Thymus, that helps the immune system defend against disease & infection
- Fights infected cells marked by B-Lymphocytes

38
Q

B-LYMPHOCYTES

A

Type of white blood cells not processed by Thymus, work with T-Lymphocytes to fight infection
- Responsible for producing antibodies & marking foreign cells for destruction by T-Lymphocytes

39
Q

METABOLIC PROCESSES

A

Organic processes by which organisms obtain energy for life

- Respiratory system provides oxygen (essential)

40
Q

INSPIRATION

A

Process of pulling oxygen through airways

41
Q

EXHALATION

A

Process of pushing carbon dioxide out through airways

42
Q

STRUCTURES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A
  • Nose & nasal cavities
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
43
Q

PULMONARY VENTILATION

A

Process of exchange of air between the lungs & ambient air; breathing
- Air travels from outside the body, through nose/mouth, down through pharynx, past larynx to trachea, through trachea to left & right bronchi, & into left & right lungs

44
Q

PHARYNX

A

Membrane-lined cavity behind the nose & mouth; throat

- Connects nose & mouth to the esophagus

45
Q

TRACHEA

A

Large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from larynx to bronchial tubes; windpipe
- Carries air to & from lungs

46
Q

DIFFUSION

A

Passive movement of molecules/particles along a concentration gradient
- From area of high concentration to area of low concentration

47
Q

THORACIC CAVITY

A

Chest cavity, enclosed by ribs, vertebral column, & sternum

- Separated from abdominal cavity by the diaphragm

48
Q

INTRA-ALVEOLAR PRESSURE

A

Pressure of the air within the alveoli; changes during different phases of breathing

  • Inspiration: decrease alveolar pressure (air sucked in)
  • Expiration: increase alveolar pressure (air forced out)
49
Q

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

A

Exchange of gases between the alveoli of lungs & the blood

50
Q

ALVEOLI

A

Tiny air sacs in the lungs that allow for rapid gas exchange
Surrounded by capillaries
- Oxygen from alveoli moves to the blood via diffusion
- Carbon dioxide from blood moves to alveoli for removal during expiration

51
Q

HEMOGLOBIN

A

Red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood

- Carries oxygen & carbon dioxide to/from cells

52
Q

INTERNAL RESPIRATION

A

Process of diffusing oxygen from the blood into interstitial fluid & into cells
- Exchange between blood in capillaries & tissue cells

53
Q

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)

A

1 adenosine molecule bonded to 3 phosphate groups; present in all living tissue
- Provides energy for muscle contractions & other physiological processes

54
Q

VITAL CAPACITY

A

Greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking deepest breath possible
- Measures functional capacity of lungs

55
Q

TIDAL VOLUME

A

Lung volume, represented by the volume of air displaced between normal inhalation & exhalation; no extra effort applied
- Increases during exercise

56
Q

MINUTE VENTILATION

A

Volume of gas inhaled (inhaled minute volume) or exhaled (exhaled minute volume) from a person’s lungs, per minute

57
Q

VO2 MAX

A

Maximum amount of Oxygen (O2) the body can use during a specified period of intense exercise
- The O2 the body can use during exercise, the more ATP can be produced to fuel the exercise

58
Q

MELATONIN

A

Hormone secreted by the Pineal Gland

  • Inhibits formation of melanin
  • Functions in sleep/wake cycles
59
Q

STEROIDS

A 
Any of a large class of organic compounds with molecular structure of 4 rings of Carbon atoms 
- Lipid hormones; can diffuse across the plasma membrane into the phospholipid bilayer of cells
- Hormones: 
   Sex hormones (estrogen & testosterone)
   Adrenal Cortex hormones (aldosterone & cortisol)
60
Q

ESTROGEN

A

Any of a group of steroids that promote development & maintenance of female characteristics
- Can be produced artificially for use in oral contraceptives or treatment of menopausal & menstrual disorders

61
Q

GASTRIN

A

Hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric juices into bloodstream by the stomach wall in response to food

  • Controls process of digestion in 3 ways:
    1. Cephalic Phase
    2. Gastric Phase
    3. Intestinal Phase

ISSA Strength & Conditioning (9 decks)

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