Chapter 5: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Carbohydrates are

Answer 1

sugars and polymers of sugars.
They are also hydrophilic because of hydroxyl group.

Question 2

Different building blocks of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Question 3

Most common monosaccharide (simple sugar)?

Answer 3

glucose which is C6H12O6.

Question 4

Ose =

Answer 4

sugar

Question 5

Monosaccharides can be classified via

Answer 5

location of carbonyl group, length of carbon skeleton, and arrangement around asymmetric carbons.

Question 6

Structure =

Answer 6

function.

Question 7

Disaccharides are

Answer 7

two monosaccharides joined together by a covalent bond (glycosidic linkage). Dehydration synthesis.

Question 8

Polysaccharides are used for

Answer 8

storage and structure.

Question 9

Examples of storage polysaccharides?

Answer 9

starch (plants) and glycogen (animals).

Question 10

Examples of structural polysaccharides?

Answer 10

chitin (cell wall of fungi and exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans), peptidoglycan (cell wall of bacteria, contains amino acids), and cellulose (component of plant cell walls).

Question 11

Chitin are (blank) and peptidoglycan are (blank).

Answer 11

parallel strands cross linked by H-bonds and parallel strands linked by peptide bonds.

Question 12

Starch and cellulose are

Answer 12

isomers but are not nutritionally equivalent because we do not have the enzyme to break the oxygen bond in cellulose.

Question 13

Functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 13

provide carbon skeletons for more complex molecules (amino acids and nucleic acids), structural support (cellulose, chitin, etc.) energy storage (photosynthesis and glucose used to make ATP).

Question 14

Why are carbohydrates important?

Answer 14

necessary for cell-cell recognition and how body recognizes foreign invaders.