Chapter 3: Protein Structure and Function Flashcards
Proteins are
responsible for almost everything an organism does.
Proteins are structurally diverse which means
they have a wide range of function.
Examples of proteins
enzymatic, defensive, storage, transport, hormonal, receptor, contractile and motor, and structural.
Amino acids are monomers of
proteins.
Amino acids are composed of
a carbon connected to a hydrogen, amino group, carboxyl group, and different R groups. The R groups are the differences between amino acids.
Why are essential amino acids essential?
the body cannot make them so they must be ingested through a diet.
What is a polypeptide?
polymer constructed from a chain of amino acids. A protein is the functional molecule that results from the folding of a polypeptide into its correct 3-D shape.
Structure =
function
Peptide bonds are formed between
a carboxyl group and an amino group. The bond is technically a single bond but has characteristics of a double bond.
In hydrolysis, the number of water molecules to break bonds is?
number of monomers - 1.
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. A protein always has the first three levels.
Primary structure is made up of
chain of amino acids.
Secondary structure is made up of
hydrogen bonds between amino and carbonyl groups in the backbone. Alpha helix and beta sheets.
Tertiary structure is made up of
interactions between R groups.
Quaternary structure is made up of
aggregation of multiple polypeptides.
The primary structure of a polypeptide is determined by
the DNA sequence of that gene. Which amino acid comes next.
Correct folding is
CRITICAL! Misfolded proteins are associated with several diseases. Example: Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy)
What carries oxygen to blood?
hemoglobin.
