Chapter 2: Water and Carbon Flashcards
What kind of bonds form between oxygen and hydrogen in a water molecule?
Hydrogen bonds.
Polar covalent bonds.
Cohesion is
when water molecules stick together. creates surface tension due to hydrogen bonding.
Adhesion is
the clinging of one substance to another due to hydrogen bonding.
Water is most dense at
4 degrees Celsius.
Ice floats because
when water is below 0 degrees Celsius it is less dense than water.
Water is able to absorb and release large amounts of heat with only a slight change in its temperature due to it’s
high specific heat.
Due to the polarity of water molecules
they are able to form hydrogen bonds with ions and polar molecules. Like dissolves like. Example: salt.
How many bonds can carbon have?
4 bonds.
What are isomers?
compounds with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of the atoms. Isomers have different biological properties. Ex. structural isomers.
Structure =
Function
Carbonyl
a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen. Carbohydrates.
Carboxyl
an oxygen atom double bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to an -OH group. Proteins.
Hydroxyl
an -OH group. Polar.
Amino
a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Proteins.
Phosphate
a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, two oxygens carry a negative charge. ATP.
