Chapter 5 - Cancer & Antineoplastic Pharmacology

Question 1

apoptosis

Answer 1

cellular death

Question 2

asexual reproduction

Answer 2

Cellular division producing identical copies without the involvement of another cell.

Question 3

benign

Answer 3

noncancerous

Question 4

binary fission

Answer 4

Asexual cellular reproduction forming two identical cells.

Question 5

cell cycle

Answer 5

Is the total life span of eukaryotic cells; two major phases are known as interphase and the mitotic phase.

Question 6

cellular reproduction

Answer 6

Is the process of one cell dividing into two cells, also known as cellular division.

Question 7

cytokinesis

Answer 7

The division of the cellular cytoplasm.

Question 8

eukaryotic cells

Answer 8

Cells having a true nucleus bounded by a nuclear membrane and containing cellular organelles.

Question 9

interphase

Answer 9

Where the majority of the cell cycle is spent on normal functioning and stockpiling needed materials for cellular division.

Question 10

malignant

Answer 10

cancerous

Question 11

metastasize

Answer 11

To spread from original site.

Question 12

mitosis

Answer 12

Cellular division used for tissue growth where daughter cells have same number of chromosomes as original mother cell.

Question 13

mitotic phase

Answer 13

Phase of actual cell division.

Question 14

neoplasm

Answer 14

A new growth that results from overproduction of cells forming a lump or tumor.

Question 15

oncologist

Answer 15

specialist that treats cancer

Question 16

prokaryotic cells

Answer 16

Cells that lack a nucleus such as bacteria.

Question 17

angiogenesis

Answer 17

Formation of new blood vessels.

Question 18

cachexia

Answer 18

Weakened and frail state because of nutrient deprivation, often seen in cancer patients.

Question 19

cancer

Answer 19

General term for malignant growth.

Question 20

carcinoma

Answer 20

General term for cancerous tumor.

Question 21

carcinoma in situ

Answer 21

A cancer that is “just sitting there” in the particular tissue and hasn’t broken through the basement membrane and invaded other tissues or sites.

Question 22

dysplasia

Answer 22

Abnormal tissue development.

Question 23

hyperplasia

Answer 23

Excessive growth of normal cells.

Question 24

laukemia

Answer 24

Malignant neoplasms of the blood and blood-forming organs.

Question 25

lymphomas

Answer 25

Malignant neoplasms of the lymphatic system.

Question 26

malignant growths

Answer 26

Neoplasms whose cells are uncontrolled and have no function and an irregular structure.

Question 27

neoplasia

Answer 27

New growth formation.

Question 28

sarcoma

Answer 28

Cancerous tumor found in the connective tissue of bone, fat, or muscle.

Question 29

tissue necrosis

Answer 29

The death of healthy tissue.

Question 30

adoptive cell transfer

Answer 30

Cancer treatment using patient’s own selectively grown T-cells.

Question 31

angiogenesis inhibitors (AIs)

Answer 31

Biological response modifier therapy that targets and destroys cancer-feeding blood vessels. Drug example: bevacizumab (Avastin).

Question 32

antiandrogens

Answer 32

Medications that suppress the production and effects of testosterone and can be used to treat prostate cancer. Drug examples are Eligard and bicalutamide (Casodex).

Question 33

antiemetics

Answer 33

Classification of drugs to treat nausea often given in conjunction with cancer treatment.

Question 34

antiestrogens

Answer 34

Drugs that modify or block the cancer-causing effects of the hormone estrogen on breast tissue. Tamoxifen is an example of a selective estrogen receptor modifier.

Question 35

antimetabolites

Answer 35

Cancer medications that interfere with cellular metabolism and thus interfere with cellular repair and reproduction. Drug examples are methotrexate and fluorouracil.

Question 36

antineoplastic agents

Answer 36

Medications that counteract the growth and spread of malignant cells.

Question 37

biological response modifier therapy

Answer 37

“targets” the cancer by manipulating the immune system to hunt down and specifically kill the cancer cells.

Question 38

chemotherapy

Answer 38

Use of chemical substances or drugs to treat a disease, usually in reference to cancer.

Question 39

colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)

Answer 39

Biological response modifiers that stimulate the bone marrow to develop red and white blood cells and platelets, which are often deficient in many cancers. Example drug is Erythropoietin (Epogen and Procrit).

Question 40

immunotherapy

Answer 40

Use of natural or synthetic substances to stimulate or suppress immune system.

Question 41

interferons

Answer 41

Biological response modifier therapy that actively stimulates the body’s immune response to fight cancer.

Question 42

mitotic inhibitors

Answer 42

Chemotherapeutic agents derived from natural substances used to inhibit cellular reproduction of cancer cells. The drug paclitaxel derived from the bark of the Pacific yew tree is an example.

Question 43

monoclonal antibodies (MABs)

Answer 43

Biological response modifier therapy that uses genetically engineered antibodies that are too large to enter the targeted cell but can attach to the outside surface of the cancer cell thus tagging it for destruction by immune system.

Question 44

palliative therapy

Answer 44

Therapy aimed at alleviating symptoms such as pain or obstructions to improve the quality of life.

Question 45

signal transduction inhibitors (STIs)

Answer 45

Targeted cancer therapy agents that block specific enzymes and growth factors in cancer cells. Imatinib (Gleevec) is an oral STI that is approved for chronic myelogenous leukemia and some rarer types of cancers.

Question 46

targeted therapy

Answer 46

Precision medicine that targets the desired abnormal cell (usually cancerous) for treatment and does not affect normal cells.