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Pathopharmacology > Chapter 1 - Core Concepts of Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Core Concepts of Disease Flashcards

1
Q

disease

A

body’s deviation from normal or homeostasis

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2
Q

pathology

A

the study of (logy) diseases (patho)

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3
Q

acute disease

A

disease that has a rapid onset

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4
Q

Chief Complaint (CC)

A

main reason the patient sought medical attention

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5
Q

chronic disease

A

a long term disease

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6
Q

death rate

A

A statistical measurement of deaths caused by a disease of a certain population over a specific time period.

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7
Q

diagnosis

A

identifying the disease

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8
Q

etiology

A

cause or origin of the disease

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9
Q

exacerbation

A

Acute disease flare up or attack from a chronic condition.

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10
Q

idiopathic

A

Disease occurring spontaneously with an unknown cause.

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11
Q

metasasize

A

spread of disease

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12
Q

Morbidity Rate

A

Statistical measurement of how often a disease occurs in a certain time-frame within a population.

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13
Q

Mortality Rate

A

Statistical measurement of deaths caused by a disease of a certain population over a specific time period; also known as death rate.

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14
Q

pathogen

A

any organism causing disease to its host

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15
Q

pathogenic

A

used to describe organisms that produce disease

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16
Q

PATHOLOGIST

A

individual that studies disease

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17
Q

prognosis

A

expected outcome or the prediction of an ailment

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18
Q

relapse

A

reappearance of the disease or condition

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19
Q

remission

A

Period where disease is treated successfully and the patient is free of symptoms.

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20
Q

survival rate

A

Length of time a patient’s lives after being diagnosed with a disease.

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21
Q

terminal

A

condition or disease resulting in imminent death

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22
Q

airborne transmission

A

Pathogenic transmission by way of coughing, sneezing, talking and laughing.

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23
Q

biological vector

A

Animal or insect that spreads pathogen to other hosts by a bite or injection.

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24
Q

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

A

Agency responsible for recording and tracking diseases not only domestically but abroad.

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25
Q

common vehicle

A

Any medium such as food or blood that acts as a vehicle to transport pathogens.

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26
Q

communicable

A

Contagious and spread from one source to another whether it is person-person, animal-person or even an object-person via bacterial or viral microorganisms.

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27
Q

contagious

A

Potential to cause infection and spread rapidly

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28
Q

direct contact

A

Making physical contact with another person or body fluids that spreads infection.

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29
Q

endemic

A

disease found in a certain region or specific population

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30
Q

epidemic

A

sudden spread of illness to a large amount of people

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31
Q

epidemiology

A

Study of disease transmission, occurrence, distribution and control for a population.

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32
Q

Healthcare-associated Infection

A

infection caused by medical intervention

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33
Q

host

A

the susceptible individual who can harbor pathogen

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34
Q

iatrogenic

A

Disease caused by medical intervention.

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35
Q

incubation period

A

Period of pathogen reproduction causing symptoms to occur within the host.

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36
Q

indirect contact

A

Host coming into contact with a contaminated surface.

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37
Q

infectious

A

the ability to cause disease

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38
Q

inoculation period

A

period of pathogen introduction without symptoms

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39
Q

mechanical vector

A

Pathogen transmitted by an animal or insect simply by coming into contact with a microorganism and then physically transporting it to the host.

40
Q

mode of transmission

A

The way a pathogen is transported from the source of infection to the host.

41
Q

pandemic

A

Disease affecting the population of a vast geographic area such as a country or possibly worldwide.

42
Q

pathogenesis

A

Creation or progression of disease development.

43
Q

portal of entry

A

Pathogen point of entry to host such as by way of mouth, eyes, and nose or other mucous membrane.

44
Q

portal of exit

A

a point where pathogen leaves the body

45
Q

the chain of infection

A

Pathogen point of entry to host such as by way of mouth, eyes, and nose or other mucous membrane.

46
Q

environment

A

surrounding in which one lives

47
Q

hereditary

A

diseases are passed down from parents to their offspring

48
Q

lifestyle

A

the way in which one lives his or her life

49
Q

auscultation

A

Pathogen point of entry to host such as by way of mouth, eyes, and nose or other mucous membrane.

50
Q

direct or closed questioning

A

Asking questions that require a yes or no answer.

51
Q

disorder

A

Describes disruption from the normal functioning of the mind or body. Typically used when a disease is not an appropriate term to describe condition

52
Q

family history

A

Interview to identify diseases the patient is susceptible to according to heredity.

53
Q

History of Present Illness (HPI)

A

History of the current condition or disease.

54
Q

inspection

A

Visually looking for anything out of the norm.

55
Q

medication history

A

Listing of all current prescriptions, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and herbal supplements and any adverse drug reactions.

56
Q

NKA

A

abbreviation for no known allergies

57
Q

occupational history

A

listing of what the patient does or did for a living

58
Q

open-ended questioning

A

Asking the patient simple, broad questions that require more than a yes or no to answer.

59
Q

palpation

A

Process of touching a patient in an effort to evaluate abnormalities.

60
Q

Past Medical History (PMH)

A

Listing of previous medical illnesses and procedures.

61
Q

patient interview

A

Process where clinician gathers patient information.

62
Q

percussion

A

Tapping with fingers in areas on the body such as the chest, to check body cavities for excess fluid or air.

62
Q

physical examination

A

Process of physically examining a patient in a systematic manner.

63
Q

signs

A

objective measurements of body functions

64
Q

social history

A

Information obtained on the type of lifestyle the patient lives such as marital status, social or frequent drinking history, smoking history, or illicit drug use.

65
Q

symptoms

A

Observable subjective states or behaviors that rely on the patient to state how they feel.

66
Q

syndrome

A

A particular set of signs and symptoms that when grouped together is indicative or characteristic of a certain disease or disorder.

67
Q

vital signs

A

Measured signs that are vital for life; heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and body temperature.

68
Q

blood glucose

A

Sugar found in the bloodstream used for energy.

69
Q

Chest X-Ray (CXR)

A

Imaging used to examine the thoracic cavity.

70
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A

Blood sample analyzing types and numbers of cells within the bloodstream

71
Q

computerized tomography (CT or CAT) scan`

A

Imaging utilizing x-rays and a computer to produce cross-sectional slices of the body.

72
Q

culture & sensitivty

A

Laboratory sample from a patient that grows and identifies the pathogen and tests what drug will kill it.

73
Q

electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)Recorded display of electrical impulses produced by the heart.

A

Recorded display of electrical impulses produced by the heart.

74
Q

electrocardiograph

A

Instrument used to record heart rhythms.

75
Q

electrolytes

A

Minerals dissolved in blood needed by the body to function properly, (calcium, potassium, sodium, phosphate, magnesium, and chloride).

76
Q

hematocrit (HCT)

A

Ratio of total cellular volume to total volume of blood.

77
Q

Hemoglobin (Hgb)`

A

Protein in the red blood cell that carries oxygen.

78
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

Imaging uses magnets and radio waves to produce high resolution images of organs and soft tissue with no radiation exposure to patient.

79
Q

Patient care plan

A

Set of steps used to explain patient’s care regarding possible treatments and expected outcomes.

80
Q

Patient education

A

Instructing patients in various aspects of their care such as how to properly perform treatments

81
Q

platelets (PLT)

A

cellular fragments that clots blood

82
Q

red blood cells (RBC)

A

Cells within blood that transport oxygen.

83
Q

urine analysis (UA)

A

Testing a urine sample for abnormalities.

84
Q

urine color

A

Observing urine color to help identify a disease or dehydration.

85
Q

urine concentration

A

Measurement to determine if kidney failure is present.

86
Q

urine odor

A

Determining the smell of the urine to help determine presence of illness.

87
Q

white blood cells (WBC)

A

Cells within bloodstream that fights infection.

88
Q

X-Ray

A

Imaging technique utilized to determine any bone breaks and defects in the body.

89
Q

gloves

A

Latex, vinyl, or nitrile; worn to protect hands from coming into contact with any type of patient fluid or mucous membrane secretions.

90
Q

gowns

A

Protective garment used to protect clothing and skin from infectious exposures.

91
Q

masks

A

Facial covering to protect a clinicians face, nose and mouth from body fluids and secretions.

92
Q

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

A

Clothing and equipment used to prevent bodily fluid contact.

93
Q

Respirator

A

Specialized mask used for droplet airway infections.

94
Q

standard precautions

A

Set of steps and procedures that protects not only the clinician, but the patient from exposure to infectious microorganisms.

Pathopharmacology (6 decks)

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