Chapter 3 - Core Concepts of Pharmacology Flashcards
1906 Pure Food & Drug Act
Forces manufacturers that produce drugs for sale in the United States to begin following minimum standards for drug purity, strength, and quality.
1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
Requires that all new prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs be deemed safe by the FDA before marketing drugs, cosmetics, and therapeutic devices to the public.
1970 Controlled Substances Act (CSA)
Categorizes drugs by the acceptable medical uses, the potential for drug abuse, and/or potential for dependency; requires those with prescribing or distributing privileges to have a DEA registration number to prevent fraudulent dispensing of medication.
1983 Orphan Drug Act
Gives financial incentives to manufacturers that develop drugs to treat rare diseases.
acute pain
a sudden onset of pain
chronic pain
prolonged pain
Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)
Established to enforce provisions of the 1970 Controlled Substances Act.
drug legend
Statement warning that any distribution without a prescription is prohibited by federal law.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Federal agency that ensures drugs and devices are safe to use.
National Formulary (NF)
Book of preparations and standards for pharmaceuticals.
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1990
Legislation that mandates pharmacies to ask customers if they would like to be educated about their medication at time of purchase.
over-the-counter (OTC)
Any medication bought without a prescription.
Schedule I
Listing of drugs not currently used in medical treatment that have a high potential for abuse.
Schedule II
Listing of drugs that have usage in medical treatment but with severe restrictions because of a high potential for abuse.
Schedule III
Listing of drugs currently used in medical treatment that have less of a potential for abuse than drugs in schedules I and II.
Schedule IV
Listing of drugs currently used in the medical treatment but have a slight potential for abuse; less than schedules II and III.
Schedule V
Currently used for medical treatment with less potential for abuse than drugs in schedule IV; have a slight possibility for abuse and might cause limited physical or psychological dependence.
United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
Collection of drug standards and testing that determines the strength, purity, and quality of a drug.
United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary (USP-NF)
A reference compiled by combining the USP and NF to form one source.
brand names
Proprietary drug name owned by a company.
chemical name
The drug name used to describe the anatomic or molecular structure of a substance.
drug classification
A method used to group drugs in a meaningful way.
formulary
A list of medications offered in a particular hospital or healthcare system.
generic name
A name not owned by any particular pharmaceutical company.
official name
Name given by the USP/NF, after the drug has been approved for use.
pharmacist
Individual licensed to prepare and distribute medications.
pharmacogenetics
Pertains to genetic differences that can cause a drug to affect us in different ways, whether therapeutically or adversely.
pharmacogenomics
Analyzes human genes to better understand how an individual’s genetics affects the way drugs affect his or her body.
pharmacology
The study of the origin, uses, effects, and actions of chemicals in living organisms.
pharmacotherapy
The act of giving drugs targeted to treat disease.
pharmacy
Dispenses medications to the public.
pharmacy technicians
Individuals who assist and work under the direct supervision of pharmacists.
prescription
Written orders for a certain therapy or medication; also called scripts.
prototype
A drug that typifies a certain drug classification.
therapeutic level
Preferred level of a drug required to treat disease.
toxicology
The study of a chemicals and pharmacologic actions on the body with poisons and antidotes.
trade name
Proprietary name owned by a pharmaceutical company to market its creation to the public; also known as a brand name.
United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council
Group that gives names to generic medications.
absolute contraindication
Medication or procedure is life-threatening and the benefits do not outweigh the risks; should not be administered.
adverse reactions
Can occur suddenly or over time and range from patient discomfort to possible death; also known as side effects.