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BIO 307 Lab, BIO 307, & CHE105 > Chapter 5 BIO 307 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 BIO 307 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscular.

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2
Q

Define histology

A

The study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs.

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3
Q

Define Organ.

A

Structure with discrete boundaries that are composed of two or more tissue types

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4
Q

Describe longitudinal tissue. (l.s.)

A

Tissue cut on its long axis

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5
Q

Describe cross section(c.s. or x.s.)/transverse section(t.s.)

A

Tissue cut perpendicular to long axis of organ

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6
Q

Describe oblique section

A

Tissue cut at an angle between cross and longitudinal sections. 

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7
Q

What is formalin?

A

A fixative that prevents decay

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8
Q

What is stain used for?

A

The tissue is mounted on slides in artificially colored with histological stain. 

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9
Q

Define smear

A

A tissue is rubbed across a slide (example: blood)

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10
Q

Define spread

A

Sam membranes and Kabwe tissues are laid out on a slide
(Example: areolar tissue)

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11
Q

What are the 3 things that the four primary tissues differ from each other in

A

-types and functions of their cells
-Characteristics of the matrix (Extracellular material)
-Relative amount of space occupied by cells versus matrix

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12
Q

Where is the basement membrane?

A

It is the layer between an epithelium and underlying connective tissue

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13
Q

Where is the basal surface?

A

It’s the surface of the epithelial cells facing the basement membrane

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14
Q

Where is apical surface?

A

(Apical surface=Away/free/top)
It’s the surface of epithelial cells that faces away from the basement membrane

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15
Q

what type of cells have a high rate of mitosis? And why?

A

Epithelial cells all have high rates of mitosis. These tissues constantly need to be replaced.

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16
Q

Describe simple epithelia

A

(Simple=single layer)
Has a single cell layer where all cells touch the basement membrane.

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17
Q

Describe stratified epithelia

A

-Made up of more than one layer of cells.
-Some of the cells rest on top of others and don’t touch the basement layer


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18
Q

What are the four types of epithelia with only one layer of cells?
(Simple epithelia)

A

1)Simple squamous
2)simple cuboidal
3)simple columnar
4)pseudostratified columnar. 

19
Q

Describe simple squamous epithelial

A

Thin and scaly cells

20
Q

Describe simple cuboidal epithelia

A

Square or round cells

21
Q

Describe simple columnar epithelia

A

Tall and narrow cells

22
Q

Describe pseudostratified columnar

A

-Falsely appear stratified, as some cells are taller than others
-every cell reaches the basement membrane
(But not all cells reach the free/apical surface)

23
Q

 Function and description of simple squamous epithelium

A

-Single row of thin cells
-permits rapid diffusion
-Transport of substances
Location: Alveoli, glomeruli and endothelium

24
Q

Function and description of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

-Single layer of square/round cells
-absorption and secretion and mucus production
Location: liver,thyroid, and your salivary glands

25
Q

Function and description of simple columnar epithelium

A

-Single row of tall,narrow cells
-Oval nuclei in basal half of cell
-brush border(cilia) of microvilli, ciliated in some organs.
-Absorption and secretion; secretion of mucus.
Location: lining of G.I. tract, uterus, and kidney

26
Q

Describe stratified epithelia

A

-Range from 2-20 or more layers of cells.
-Only the deepest layer attaches to the basement membrane.

27
Q

What are the 2 stratified epithelia tissues 

A

1)Stratified squamous
2)Stratified cuboidal
-Stratified columnar(rare)

28
Q

What are the two types of stratified?

A

keratinized and nonkeratinized

29
Q

Describe keratinized

A

-Found on the skin surface, abrasion resistant
-helps protect you from harm

30
Q

Describe nonkeratinized

A

Lacks surface layer of dead cells
Example: Tongue

31
Q

Describe stratified squamous

A

-Most widespread epithelium in the body
-Newly produced cells push toward the surface and become slaughter as they migrate upward
-Exfoliation: Old die and flake off

32
Q

What are the two types of stratified squamous?

A

•Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
•Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

33
Q

Describe keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

•Multiple cell layers; cells become flat and scaly towards surface
•Resist abrasion; hinders water loss through skin; resists penetration by pathogenic organisms
•Location: Epidermidis (palms and soles heavily)

34
Q

Describe non-keratinized squamous epithelium

A

•Same as keratinized epithelium WITHOUT surface layer of dead cells.
•Resist abrasion and penetration of pathogens.
•Location: the tongue

35
Q

Describe stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

•Two or more cell layers; surface cells square or round
• Secrete sweat, produces sperm, and produces ovarian hormones.
• Location: sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles. 

36
Q

Describe connective tissue

A

•Cells of this tissue type occupy less space than an extra cellular matrix.
• Most cells are not in direct contact with each other.
• High variable vasculature

37
Q

Function of connective tissues

A

•Connecting organs-tendons and ligaments
•Support- bone and cartilage
•Physical protection- cranium, ribs, sternum
•Immune protection-White blood cells attack foreign invaders
• Heat production-metabolism of brown fat in infants

38
Q

What are the six different cell types that fibrous connective tissue is composed of?

A

1)Fibroblast: produces fiber
2)Macrophages: phagocytosis
3)Leukocytes(white blood cells): neutrophils attack bacteria
4)Plasma Protein: Antibodies
5)Mast cells: found alongside blood vessels
•Secrete heparin to inhibit clotting.
•Secrete histamine to dilate blood vessels.
6)Adipocytes: Stores triglycerides (fat molecules)

39
Q

What is matrix composed of?

A

•Fibrous proteins
•Clear gel called ground substance
•Also known as tissue fluid, ECF, or interstitial fluid

40
Q

What does epithelial tissue do?

A

It covers body surfaces and lines body cavities

41
Q

Does epithelial tissue have blood vessels?

A

•NO it is avascular
(doesn’t have blood vessels)
•Usually nourished by underlying connective tissue

42
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A

•The protection of deeper tissues from injury and infection
•Produce and releases chemical secretions
•Excrete waste
•Absorb chemicals including nutrients
•Selectively filter substances

43
Q

Epithelial tissue has a higher rate of mitosis what does this mean?

A

This means the tissue can be replaced quickly

BIO 307 Lab, BIO 307, & CHE105 (9 decks)

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