Chapter 5: Animal responses NOT FINISHED Flashcards
Name the five regions of the brain
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Medulla oblongata
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland
Outline three functions that the Cerebrum carries out
Vision, hearing, speech
What does the Cerebrum do?
Carries out the conscious functions of the brain
What are the four lobes within the Cerebrum?
- Parietal
- Frontal
- Temporal
- Occipital
What are the cerebral hemispheres joined by?
Corpus callosum
What is the scientific name for ‘grey matter’?
Cerebral cortex
Why is the cerebral cortex highly folded?
To have a large surface area - to allow a greater number of unmyelinated neurones
What type of neurones make up ‘white matter’?
Myelinated neurones
Outline and briefly explain the 4 main functions of the hypothalamus
- Regulate body temp: Initiates homeostatic response if body temp is too low/high
- Osmoregulation: Monitors concentration of blood
- Regulates digestive activity: Controls secretion of enzymes in the gut + generates a feeling of hunger
- Controls endocrine functions: Releases chemicals that causes the pituitary gland to release hormones
Outline the function of the anterior pituitary
Produces and releases hormones
Outline the function of the posterior pituitary and give and example of a hormone it releases
Stores and releases hormones produced by hypothalamus eg. ADH
Does the cerebellum function consciously or unconsciously?
Unconsciously - involuntary
What does the cerebellum control?
Motor co-ordination eg. balance
Briefly explain the three functions of the medulla oblongata
- Controls HR
- Controls BP by controlling the contraction of smooth muscle in arterioles
- Controls breathing rate
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
All the nerves in the body
What is the mammalian nervous system for?
To co-ordinate and regulation body function
Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary? What is the autonomic nervous system?
Somatic = Voluntary
Autonomic = Involuntary
Give a brief outline on what the three types of nerves in the somatic nervous system are
Motor - Contains motor neurones that carry info from CNS to muscles and glands
Sensory - Contains sensory neurones that carry info from sense organs to CNS
Spinal - Mixed nerves
Give an example of a function that the autonomic nervous system has control over
Heart rate - In fight or flight HR increases
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are in the autonomic nervous system. Define each of them.
Sympathetic - Fight or flight response
Parasympathetic - Rest and digest
Outline the fight or flight response
Sympathetic nervous system is entered, triggering release of adrenaline, HR increases - to allow more oxygen to be supplied to muscles, pupils dilate - To allow more light to gain awareness of surroundings
What’s the reason for reflex actions?
Survival/protection
Outline the knee jerk reflex
Stimulus = Stretching of quads as hammer hits ligament
Receptor = Stretch receptor in quads
Co-ordinator = Spinal cord
Effector = Quad
Response = Quads tense causing leg to straighten
