Cell structure Flashcards
Outline the structure of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope with nuclear pores, inside is the nucleus with DNA, chromatin and proteins, the nucleolus is at the centre producing ribosomes
Which organelle is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Ribosomes
What is the function of the nucleus/nucleolus/nuclear envelope?
Controls cell activities, contains DNA for protein synthesis + DNA replication, pores allow substances to move into/out of nucleus
Outline the structure and function of the RER and ribosomes
A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled sac - surface is covered in ribosomes
Folds and processes proteins that have been made by ribosomes
Which organelles are single membrane bound?
ER, golgi, vacuoles, lysosomes
Which organelles are double membrane bound?
Nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts
Outline the structure and function of the SER
A system of tubular membranes - synthesis of lipids
What is the structure of golgi apparatus and what does it do?
Fluid filled, membrane bound, flattened sacs with vesicles that re-package and process proteins
How do proteins leave the cell after the RER?
A secretory vesicle binds to the golgi body to re-package the proteins, then a golgi vesicle binds to the cell membrane with the protein contents
Outline the basic structure of a mitochondrion
Inner membrane is folded to form cristae, matrix contains enzymes for respiration
What is the function of mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration where ATP is released for cell growth
Outline the basic structure of a chloroplast
Small flattened disc with thylakoid that stack to form grana, grana are linked by lamellae
What is the function of a chloroplast?
Site of photosynthesis where light energy is converted into chemical energy that can be used by the plant
Give two functions of the cell wall in a plant cell
To provide mechanical support for movement, and protection
What is the function of centrioles?
Form a spindle-shaped structure of protein fibres for chromosomes during nuclear division
