Chapter 5: Animal responses NOT FINISHED Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the five regions of the brain

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary gland
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2
Q

Outline three functions that the Cerebrum carries out

A

Vision, hearing, speech

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3
Q

What does the Cerebrum do?

A

Carries out the conscious functions of the brain

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4
Q

What are the four lobes within the Cerebrum?

A
  • Parietal
  • Frontal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
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5
Q

What are the cerebral hemispheres joined by?

A

Corpus callosum

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6
Q

What is the scientific name for ‘grey matter’?

A

Cerebral cortex

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7
Q

Why is the cerebral cortex highly folded?

A

To have a large surface area - to allow a greater number of unmyelinated neurones

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8
Q

What type of neurones make up ‘white matter’?

A

Myelinated neurones

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9
Q

Outline and briefly explain the 4 main functions of the hypothalamus

A
  • Regulate body temp: Initiates homeostatic response if body temp is too low/high
  • Osmoregulation: Monitors concentration of blood
  • Regulates digestive activity: Controls secretion of enzymes in the gut + generates a feeling of hunger
  • Controls endocrine functions: Releases chemicals that causes the pituitary gland to release hormones
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10
Q

Outline the function of the anterior pituitary

A

Produces and releases hormones

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11
Q

Outline the function of the posterior pituitary and give and example of a hormone it releases

A

Stores and releases hormones produced by hypothalamus eg. ADH

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12
Q

Does the cerebellum function consciously or unconsciously?

A

Unconsciously - involuntary

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13
Q

What does the cerebellum control?

A

Motor co-ordination eg. balance

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14
Q

Briefly explain the three functions of the medulla oblongata

A
  • Controls HR
  • Controls BP by controlling the contraction of smooth muscle in arterioles
  • Controls breathing rate
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15
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

All the nerves in the body

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16
Q

What is the mammalian nervous system for?

A

To co-ordinate and regulation body function

17
Q

Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary? What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Somatic = Voluntary
Autonomic = Involuntary

18
Q

Give a brief outline on what the three types of nerves in the somatic nervous system are

A

Motor - Contains motor neurones that carry info from CNS to muscles and glands
Sensory - Contains sensory neurones that carry info from sense organs to CNS
Spinal - Mixed nerves

19
Q

Give an example of a function that the autonomic nervous system has control over

A

Heart rate - In fight or flight HR increases

20
Q

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are in the autonomic nervous system. Define each of them.

A

Sympathetic - Fight or flight response
Parasympathetic - Rest and digest

21
Q

Outline the fight or flight response

A

Sympathetic nervous system is entered, triggering release of adrenaline, HR increases - to allow more oxygen to be supplied to muscles, pupils dilate - To allow more light to gain awareness of surroundings

22
Q

What’s the reason for reflex actions?

A

Survival/protection

23
Q

Outline the knee jerk reflex

A

Stimulus = Stretching of quads as hammer hits ligament
Receptor = Stretch receptor in quads
Co-ordinator = Spinal cord
Effector = Quad
Response = Quads tense causing leg to straighten