chapter 5 and 6 Flashcards
While taking a nap, Catherine is startled by the sound of a doorbell. She gets up immediately to check who is at the door. What are the processes involved in this series of occurrences?
d. Sensation, perception, and action
Which theory suggests that nature and nurture are inseparable?
gibson’s ecology theory
Carmen is so happy that her son Miguel will be born in May. She’s looking forward to sitting in her backyard garden with him. How old will Miguel be when he can see the same rich colors in the garden that Carmen sees?
4 months
While laying down in an infant activity gym, little Jayden grins while focusing his gaze upon the blue dolphin hanging from the overhead mobile but shows no response to the kitten toy newly added to it. Which perceptual process does Jayden’s lack of response to the new toy demonstrate?
preferential looking
As compared to the visual capabilities, the auditory capacity in a newborn enables them to connect
socially
Baby Sandra just came home from the nursery this week and is feeling cranky and fussy. What will help her calm down and put a smile on her little face?
water with honey
Which part of an infant will respond most quickly when touched?
neck
Musa was born during a time when his village was under a wartime siege, and he spent the first few months of his life hiding with his family in a dark cave. Now at age 2, he has less visual acuity compared to his peers. Why does Musa have problems with his vision?
he missed a sensitive period
Which of the following children is exhibiting a fine motor skill?
tuan who is tying his sneakers
Locomotion helps to promote a child’s development because it
offers greater engagement
According to dynamic systems theory, which of the following best reflects the development of motor skills?
adaptive and individual
When walking briskly along a sidewalk, you suddenly realize it is icy, so you slow down and take smaller steps to avoid falling. This illustrates which aspect of dynamic systems theory in the context of motor skills?
adaptation
In the concept of cross-modal perception, what are the modes?
senses
Multitasking is difficult because it requires people to
perform two or more tasks at once
Teena is fond of music and is never seen without her headphones. The music is so loud that people around her can hear what she is listening to, despite the headphones. By continuously listening to loud music through her headphones for extended periods of time, what is she doing?
damaging her hearing
According to research findings, in comparison to nonathletes, a professional football player will make more goals and play efficiently. This is because the athletes have over time
refined their skills with practice
Where would an older adult likely have the most difficulty solving an assessment?
in a nightclub
Which of the following tasks would be the most difficult for an older adult to perform successfully?
picking up a heavy box of papers
Since he’s gotten older, Malcolm feels like food doesn’t have as much flavor as it used to. Perhaps the food isn’t as good as it used to be, or the problem might be that Malcolm has
less saliva
Although some of her senses aren’t as sharp as when she was a girl, Helen hasn’t noticed any significant impact on her enjoyment of life. This is likely due to Helen’s
compensation
Twenty-month-old John visits a barn for the first time with his parents. He is amused as he sees a flock of sheep and immediately calls out, “Kitty, kitty, so many kitties!” Which developmental change process in Piaget’s theory corresponds to this situation?
assimilation
At which stage of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development do children begin to improve their vocabulary skills?
preoperational stage
All of the following statements are true about the challenges imposed on Piaget’s stages of cognitive-developmental theory EXCEPT:
c. the process of animal and human development is fundamentally different.
The gap between a learner’s independent accomplishment and the encouragement from the skilled partner is called the
zone of proximal development
While preparing to record a podcast show, Joe recited his script in front of the mirror, affirming his confidence. He also practiced his script while driving and walking toward the studio. What behavior is Joe demonstrating?
private speech
Kelly joined a new company and underwent training for the process. Her performance was average in the training assessments. But to her colleague’s surprise, she was among the top performers in the quarterly assessment report. Which theory suggests this phenomenon of performance?
dynamic skill framework
Concerning the differences between Piaget’s universal stages of cognition and Fischer’s dynamic theories, the dynamic theorists are interested in
variability in performance
Three-year-old Lizzy and her father, Kevin, went to a playground. Kevin saw his colleague from the office in the same park and started talking and laughing. When Lizzy came back home, she started talking to her doll and laughed. Lizzy demonstrated a phenomenon called
pretend play
Which psychologist developed the concept of object permanence?
david bjorklund
Baby Tuan loves to stand at the window and watch cars drive past. When he wants to play with his toy cars, Tuan will make engine noises until his mother gets them out of the toy box. Piaget would say that Tuan has acquired the cognitive concept of
symbols
With evolving cognitive capabilities, during which age range do infants and/or children display their symbolic capacities?
3-5 years old
When deciding between two bottles of soda, Janey chooses the skinnier, taller one, thinking that it contains more. What is this process called?
conservation
While in a toy shop, 7-year-old Susan mockingly says to her 3-year-old cousin Jude, “You don’t even know that it’s a teddy bear and not a panda!” as he points to a stuffed panda, calling it a teddy bear. Susan is demonstrating
logical thinking
In comparison to concrete-operational thought and the formal operational stage, an adolescent’s mind is more hypothetical and
abstract
Tina is getting ready for a Halloween party, hosted by one of her high school friends. She’s wearing a tailor-made Senorita Muerta costume and is flaunting herself with the utmost confidence in front of the mirror in her bathroom while getting dressed up. What is she demonstrating?
personal fable
Which phenomenon is described by the difficulty in differentiating one’s thoughts and feelings from those of other people?
adolescent egocentrism
Yolanda has been an accomplished painter for 25 years and teaches classes in art history at the local college. Yet on a recent cognitive test, she performed poorly on questions related to math and science. Yolanda’s low cognition on these questions is likely related to which factor?
formal reasoning
Which of the following terms best describes an adult’s thought concerning postformal thought?
relativitic
Alyssa, a middle-aged woman, is deciding whether to go back to college and whether the financial investment will be worthwhile. Which kind of thinking would she likely rely on to make her decision?
dialectical
Which of the following are the most prominent features of postformal thought in adults?
d. Relativistic knowledge, the existence of contradictions, and integration of contradictions into a dialectical whole
