chapter 1 and 2

Question 1

As the changes that occur over time are patterned and orderly, human development is considered what kind of process?

Answer 1

systematic

Question 2

Agnes recently moved to a long-term care facility after seven decades on the farm where she was born because it was unsafe for her to live there alone. From a developmental perspective, which term best describes Agnes?

Answer 2

biologically aging

Question 3

Julie and her family recently relocated from a metropolitan city, where her entire education was done, to her native village—which is a total contrast for her in terms of dressing styles, culture, and technology—and she is finding it difficult to adjust. Which best explains Julie’s situation?

Answer 3

cultural differences

Question 4

Many people around the age of 40 experience a midlife crisis, in which they look at what they have accomplished, wonder if they are on the right track, and often decide to make some changes. What is the basis for this feeling of personal crisis?

Answer 4

social clock

Question 5

Which of the following would NOT be considered to be a strong guiding factor for someone who supports the nature perspective of development?

Answer 5

parent behaviors

Question 6

If you interviewed a developmental scientist today regarding the nature–nurture debate, which opinion would they likely offer?

Answer 6

that nature and nurture work together

Question 7

Which of these goals of studying human development could be considered solutions-based?

Answer 7

optimization

Question 8

According to developmental theories, the family members of an infant come under which of these environmental systems?

Answer 8

microsystem

Question 9

Seven-year-old Jerry was taken in by his loving, suburban grandparents after his mother was jailed for prostitution and selling crack cocaine. In less than a year, Jerry’s reading and math scores increased by 60%. Which of the following played a primary role in Jerry’s improved academic performance?

Answer 9

plasticity

Question 10

After retirement, Surlene has become a whiz at crossword puzzles and other word games. She just wishes her creaky old knees would still let her play volleyball like she used to. Surlene’s experience is an example of which aspect of human development?

Answer 10

multidirectional

Question 11

Which of the following is considered to be the foundation of the scientific method?

Answer 11

data

Question 12

A researcher who is a strong proponent of the role of nature in human development would likely favor which of the following data collection methods?

Answer 12

physiological measurement

Question 13

Dr. Hazar recently completed data collection on an adult subject who was born with a rare birth defect. Once she completes her research, she hopes to have it published in a scientific journal to share valuable insights with others who are studying this condition. Which research method did Dr. Hazar likely utilize?

Answer 13

case study

Question 14

Which of the following research methods offers the most perspective on a causal relationship between two factors?

Answer 14

experimental

Question 15

Carol has identified a group of 5-year-old boys to be studied in her cross-sectional research design. Which other group will she likely include in this research?

Answer 15

10 year old boys

Question 16

The famous Framingham Heart Study has been tracking the cardiovascular health of a cohort—and subsequent generations—since 1948. Which type of research design does this study employ?

Answer 16

longitudinal

Question 17

In Henrich’s perspective on psychology, as being the study of WEIRD people, that means the subjects are Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and ________.

Answer 17

democratic

Question 18

After Liam graduated from a prestigious Ivy League college, he set up a clinic in a poor community in Alabama because he believed that his esteemed Northeastern background would enable him to best understand and solve the problems of Southerners. From a developmental research perspective, which term best describes Liam?

Answer 18

ethnocentric

Question 19

When an institutional review board is working to determine whether a particular research study is ethical, it focuses on the ________.

Answer 19

potential risks and benefits

Question 20

In mapping out the schedule for his research experiments, David adds 10 minutes at the end of each session to meet with the participant. What will likely occur in this brief period?

Answer 20

debriefing

Question 21

According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, genetic variations exist within a species to support which of the following?

Answer 21

adaptation

Question 22

One hundred years from now, developmental scientists will refer to the advent of the Internet and smartphone technology as an example of ________.

Answer 22

cultural evolution

Question 23

Through which process does a female produce a particular number of reproductive cells and a male produce certain viable reproductive cells?

Answer 23

meiosis; 1; 4

Question 24

Landon is a highly paid supermodel based on his height, athletic build, and striking good looks. He can attribute some of this success to his ________, which was biologically contributed by his parents.

Answer 24

genotype

Question 25

Why is one type of baldness in men considered to be X-linked?

Answer 25

the condition results from a gene on the sex chromosome

Question 26

Who is more likely to contribute a genetic mutation to their offspring?

Answer 26

rashid- a 48 year old man

Question 27

Diane was born with Down syndrome. Which of the following likely caused her to have this condition?

Answer 27

meiosis problem that affected her 21st chromosomes

Question 28

The dominant gene for round red blood cells is S, and the recessive gene for sickle-shaped red blood cells is s. Based on their genotypes, which set of parents has the most likely chance of producing a child with sickle-cell disease?

Answer 28

Ss mother and Ss father

Question 29

Lionel is nervous and anxious in social situations. A heritability profile for this trait in Lionel would determine ________.

Answer 29

how much genes play a role in his psychological response

Question 30

Tyler is conducting a study on identical twins in their 20s who were adopted at birth by separate families. Any differences he identifies in their weight can likely be attributed to ________.

Answer 30

the environment

Question 31

For fraternal twins, what percentage of their genes do they have in common?

Answer 31

about 50%

Question 32

Which of the following statements is a molecular geneticist likely to write when summarizing a research project?

Answer 32

genes x, w, and h combine to determine an individuals vocal ability

Question 33

The Gomez family recently brought their fraternal twins Beatriz and Paloma home from the hospital. They soon realized that Beatriz is a cheerful baby who loves attention. What is the likelihood that Paloma has a similar happy disposition?

Answer 33

possibility

Question 34

In many cases, genetics is not destiny. Of the following traits, people have the highest level of personal control over their ________.

Answer 34

longevity

Question 35

Tina and Ron belong to the same family where Tina gets more privileges and better experiences than Ron. Both are treated differently by their parents. From a researcher’s point of view, what are they experiencing?

Answer 35

nonshared environmental influences

Question 36

A psychological disorder as a result of a person’s predisposition to the disorder and the experience of stressful event is called __________.

Answer 36

the diathesis-stress model

Question 37

Mason wonders why he always sits alone in the school cafeteria. If he asked classmates why this occurs, they would tell Mason that he’s grouchy and unhappy most of the time, so nobody wants to be around him. Mason’s lunchtime experience is an example of ________.

Answer 37

evocative gene environment correlations

Question 38

Maternal stress during pregnancy can cause which of the following conditions?

Answer 38

dna methylation

Question 39

Terry is proud of all the badges she has earned during all her years being active in girl scouts, and she wears them on a sash. This record of Terry’s different experiences is an appropriate analogy for the ________.

Answer 39

epigenome

Question 40

Dr. Molina is working on a breakthrough technique that enables him to edit a specific gene that leads to obesity. By rewriting some of the code so this particular gene is rendered inactive, Dr. Molina claims that his method will eliminate obesity in the near future. Why will Dr. Molina’s technique likely have only limited success, if any?

Answer 40

his technique ignores epigenetic effects