Chapter 5: Anatomy

Question 1

the process of breaking down large molecules or substances into smaller ones

Answer 1

Cataphoresis

Question 2

the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones

Answer 2

Anabolism

Question 3

reproduction of cells by dividing in half

Answer 3

Mitosis

Question 4

A colorless gel-like substance that contains water, salt, and nutrients obtained from food

Answer 4

Protoplasm

Question 5

performs most of the cell’s activity

Answer 5

Organelles

Question 6

site where most of a cell’s chemical activities occur

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

organ that removes the toxic by-products of digestion

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

fluid that circulates the blood system via muscular contractions

Answer 8

Lymph

Question 9

organ that circulates the blood

Answer 9

Heart

Question 10

organ that supplies the blood with oxygen

Answer 10

Lungs

Question 11

organ where the breakdown of nutrients begins

Answer 11

small intestines

Question 12

the body’s largest organ

Answer 12

Skin

Question 13

bony cage composed of the spine, sternum, and 12 ribs

Answer 13

Thorax / Thoracic cage

Question 14

a bone otherwise known as your shoulder blade

Answer 14

Scapula

Question 15

a bone otherwise known as your collarbone

Answer 15

Clavical

Question 16

smaller bone on the thumb side of the lower arm or forearm

Answer 16

Radius

Question 17

smaller bone on the little finger side of the lower arm or forearm

Answer 17

Ulna

Question 18

largest bone of the upper arm, extends from the elbow to the shoulder

Answer 18

Humerus

Question 19

eight small bonds held together by ligaments to form the wrist

Answer 19

Carpals

Question 20

five long, thin bones that form the palm of the hand

Answer 20

Metacarpals

Question 21

muscle responsible for closing the eyelid

Answer 21

Orbicularis oculi

Question 22

muscle responsible for opening the eyelid

Answer 22

Levatator palpebrae superioris

Question 23

muscles on the posterior side that control the swinging motion of the arms

Answer 23

latimus dorsi

Question 24

circles the mouth and contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips as in whistling

Answer 24

Oris orbicularis

Question 25

muscle controlling the eyebrows, drawing them in and downward

Answer 25

Corrugator

Question 26

muscle located at the tip of the chin that pushes the upper lip up

Answer 26

Mentalis

Question 27

muscle that turns the palm of the hand up

Answer 27

Supinator

Question 28

muscle that turns the palm of the hand downward and inward

Answer 28

Pronator

Question 29

muscle located above the corners of the mouth and raises the angle of the mouth as in snarling

Answer 29

Caninus

Question 30

pertaining to the muscles around the ear

Answer 30

Auricularis

Question 31

muscle located at the corner of the mouth, draws the mouth up and out as in grinning

Answer 31

Risorius

Question 32

seventh cranial nerve and primary motor nerve of the face

Answer 32

Facial nerve

Question 33

sweat glands located throughout the entire body and are most abundant on the forehead, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet

Answer 33

Eccrine Glands

Question 34

sweat glands that secrete an odorless substance that is triggered by emotions rather than by hormones

Answer 34

Apocrine Glands

Question 35

study of the skin’s functions

Answer 35

Skin Physiology

Question 36

the study of structures too small to be seen except through a microscope

Answer 36

Histology

Question 37

the study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

Answer 37

Gross anatomy

Question 38

the study of the organs and systems in the body

Answer 38

Anatomy

Question 39

the studies of the functions of these organs and systems

Answer 39

Physiology