Chapter 5 Flashcards
Sulfonamides function
stops growth of bacteria
Sulfonamides are excreted by
kidneys
Reasons for use of sulfonamides
UTIs, upper respiratory infections
Cause of a UTI
presence of E-coli
Side effects/adverse reactions of sulfonamides
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, general malaise, ringing in ears, crystals in urine
Tell patients on sulfonamides to
increase fluid intake
Reasons for use of flouroquinolones
used for respiratory infection, drug resistant UTI infection, GI infections
Side effects of flouroquinolones
disorientation, delirium, memory impairment, palpitations, tachycardia, nervousness, anxiety
Monitor intake of what while on fluroquinolones
caffeine or other stimulant intake
Take fluroquinolones
with meals
Avoid what while on fluoroquinolones?
dairy
Black box warning of fluoroquinolones
cardiac dysrhythmias, joint pain which leads to a tendon rupture
Antitubercular drugs are used for
tuberculosis
Side effects/adverse reactions of antitubercular drugs
orange colored urine, sweat, and other body fluids, redness and itching of skin in sunlight, pain in upper abdomen, ache in joints, headache
Cause of superinfection
over prescription of antibiotics
Penicillin side effects
GI issues
Penicillin superinfection
yeast infection
Antibiotics lessen the effects of
birth control
What route of administration is Z-track used for?
IM(intramuscular)
Types of penicillins
Amoxicillin(most commonly used), ampicillin, naficillin
Cephlasporins
go against gram-positive bacteria, cross-sensitivity if allergic with penicillilns
Drug interactions with cephlasporins
antacids, affects absorption
Cephalosporins affect the
kidneys
Too much vancomycin can cause
hearing loss (ototoxicity)
Corn allergy can be a contraindication for
Vancomycin
What population is hypersensitive to antibiotics?
Geriatrics
Vancomycin cannot be
crushed
Why when drugs are nephrotoxic, they are also ototoxic?
The kidneys and ears have structural and functional similarities
Tetracyclines food interactions
dairy
Tertracycline superinfection
Thrush
Avoid too much of this while taking Tetracycline
sun
Tetracycline contraindications
pregnant and/or breastfeeding women, and children under 8
Take Tetracycline
on an empty stomach
Tetracycline affects
bone growth
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Erythromycin
While taking erythromycin, monitor
liver function
Erythromycin treats
STDs and whooping cough
Side effects of arythromycin
GI symptoms
Major drug interaction with with erythromycin
oral anticoagulants
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
Reason for taking aminoglycosides
E coli infection, pseudomonas
Aminoglycosides affect
kidneys and ears
What should you monitor for a patient on aminoglycosides?
BUN, creatinine, urine output
Commonly used sulfonamide
Bactrim
Tuberculosis affects what parts of the body?
Lungs, joints, bones
Contact precautions for TB infected patient?
Put them in a separate room that is negative pressure, wear an N-95 mask
Sputums for ASB need to be negative
to be considered no longer contagious
At risk populations of tuberculosis
drug users, alcoholics, homeless, immunocompromised
Isoniazid (INH)
slows down production of M. tuberculosis
Rifampin
do not take with antacids, take on an empty stomach
Side effects/adverse reactions to rifampin
orange urine, tears, and sweat (stains contact lenses too)
When a patient is taking a TB cocktail, they should avoid
alcohol and acetaminophen
Ethabutol has to be taken
with food
Contraindication for Ethabutol
history with gout, increases uric acid formation
Monitor for patients taking Ethabutol
visual acuity
What needs to be practiced before giving a patient a tuberculosis drug cocktail?
medication reconciliation
Antifungals
fungi causes a mycotic infection to humans
Who are at risk for fungal infections?
children, the elderly, immunocompromised, and patients on corticosteroids
Commonly used antifungal
Mycostatin
What to monitor for a patient taking antifungals?
liver function
