Ch. 6: Antiviral and Antiretrovirals

Question 1

Antivirals actions and uses

Answer 1

decrease symptoms of viral infection, antiherpes, antiinfluenza, or neuraminidase inhibitors

Question 2

Adverse reactions of antivirals

Answer 2

many of these are given topically and have few recognized side or adverse effects; some drugs are new, so information is still being collected

Question 3

Antiviral nursing implications and patient teaching

Answer 3

Medications do not cure, follow specific storage instructions, report adverse reactions, encourage immunocompromised patients in areas with impure water supplies to drink bottled water only

Question 4

Antiviral Drugs for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections

Answer 4

herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
Responsible for cold sores
herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)
responsible for genital herpes infections and lesions

Question 5

Actions and uses of Drugs for HSV Infections

Answer 5

forming “counterfeit” molecules that block the virus and its enzymes from making more genetic material and virions
used to prevent and control HSV infections

Question 6

Antiviral Drugs for Influenza actions and uses

Answer 6

prevent the virus from opening the outer coat
prevent an infection in a patient who has been exposed to the virus or to reduce the symptoms of an existing influenza infection

Question 7

Antiviral Drugs for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) actions and uses

Answer 7

inhibit the viral enzyme need to make more DNA for viral reproduction
Drugs are used on a short-term basis to reduce infection symptoms

Question 8

Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C

Answer 8

drugs used to treat HBV fall into three classes, the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), the DNA polymerase inhibitors, and interferon

Question 9

Retrovirus

Answer 9

Organisms that transmit their own information into the cell’s DNA

Question 10

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 10

Viral disease, high mortality rate

Question 11

High risk populations of AIDS

Answer 11

Homosexual and bisexual men, IV drug users, People in prison, female sex partners of people in high-risk groups, children born to mothers at risk

Question 12

Antiretrovirals action

Answer 12

Interfere with the ability of a retrovirus to reproduce or replicate

Question 13

Types of antiretrovirals

Answer 13

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, Protease inhibitors, Fusion inhibitors, HIV Integrase strand transfer inhibitors

Question 14

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 14

Act early in viral life cycle

Question 15

Protease inhibitors

Answer 15

Act later in viral life cycle

Question 16

Fusion inhibitors

Answer 16

Prevent the AIDS virus from invading the WBC

Question 17

HIV Integrase strand transfer inhibitors

Answer 17

Slow the advancement of HIV by blocking the HIV integrase enzyme

Question 18

Antiretroviral uses

Answer 18

Slow advance of AIDS
Maintain immunity
Prevention of HIV in infants born to HIV-infected mothers
Prevention of HIV in health care workers exposed to HIV

Question 19

Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis treatment

Answer 19

prevent HIV transmission to the uninfected sex partners of people who are HIV positive and are using cART, can only be taken by people who are HIV negative

Question 20

Nursing indications and patient teaching of antiretrovirals

Answer 20

Adherence is essential
Medications do not cure
Report all drugs and supplements used, including OTC and CAM
Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis
Signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy
Routes of disease and transmission
Need for social and financial support