Ch. 7: Drugs for Allergy and Respiratory Problems

Question 1

Take Leukotriene Inhibitors

Answer 1

on an empty stomach

Question 2

Leukotriene inhibitors uses

Answer 2

Treat acute or chronic asthma in patients unable to take inhaled glucocorticoids

Question 3

Asthma Prophylaxis Medications

Answer 3

Cromolyn sodium

Nedocromil sodium

Question 4

Asthma Prophylaxis actions

Answer 4

Works at the surface of the mast cell as a mast cell stabilizer to prevent the release of histamine, leukotrienes, and slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis

Question 5

Decongestion

Answer 5

Directly affect alpha receptors of blood vessels in the nasal mucosa, causing vasoconstriction

Question 6

Decongestant uses

Answer 6

Relieve nasal congestion from allergies and upper respiratory infections

Question 7

Hypertension is a contraindication for

Answer 7

decongestants

Question 8

Corticosteroids

Answer 8

Block reaction to allergens and reduce airway hyperresponsiveness
Inhibit cytokine production, protein activation, and inflammatory cell migration and activation

Question 9

Corticosteroids uses

Answer 9

Inhaled, long-term asthma control
Systemic; often used to get quick control of the disease when beginning long-term therapy or to speed recovery from severe episodes

Question 10

Four classes of asthma

Answer 10

The four classes of asthma severity include mild intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, and severe persistent.

Question 11

Asthma

Answer 11

is a condition that involves increased inflammation, swelling, and mucus production that lead to bronchiolar constriction

Question 12

An asthmatic

Answer 12

is able to breathe air into the lungs but has difficulty breathing out. Wheezing results because the person works to force air out through narrowed, mucus-filled passages during expiration.

Question 13

COPD

Answer 13

is a chronic, disabling disorder that causes destruction of alveolar walls. This destruction creates unequal areas of ventilation and perfusion in the body, and oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange is impaired. Patients experience difficulty in expiration.

Question 14

Two types of COPD

Answer 14

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 15

Bronchodilators

Answer 15

Sympathomimetics: relax smooth muscle of bronchi, vasoconstriction of blood vessels in body, increase the rate and force of heart contraction

Question 16

Uses of Bronchodilators

Answer 16

Relief of symptoms of bronchospasm in acute or chronic asthma, bronchitis, and COPD

Question 17

Anticholinergic bronchodilators

Answer 17

Block cholinergic receptors in the airways of the lung causing decreased contractility of smooth muscle.

Question 18

Uses of anticholinergic bronchodilators

Answer 18

Manage respiratory symptoms of cough, difficulty breathing, and mucous production.
Primarily used in the treatment of COPD

Question 19

Xanthine bronchodilators

Answer 19

Relax smooth muscle in the bronchi and blood vessels in the lungs
Directly act on the kidney to produce an increase in urine production
CNS effects

Question 20

Uses of xanthine bronchodilators

Answer 20

Adjunctive therapy for bronchospasm in acute and chronic bronchial asthma, bronchitis, emphysema
Treatment of neonatal apnea
Acute pulmonary edema

Question 21

Antiinflammatory Drugs

Answer 21

Antiinflammatory, reduce nasal congestion

Question 22

Uses of antiinflammatory drugs

Answer 22

Treatment of allergic, mechanical, or chemically induced local nasal inflammation or nasal polyps when usual treatment has failed to work

Question 23

Adverse reaction of antiinflammatory drugs

Answer 23

Asthma, headache, lightheadedness, loss of sense of smell, nasal irritation and dryness, nausea, nosebleeds, perforation of nasal septum, altered sense of taste and smell

Question 24

Mucolytics

Answer 24

Decrease the thickness of respiratory secretions, which facilitates expectoration

Question 25

Mucolytics uses

Answer 25

Treat productive cough, assist with thick mucus

Question 26

Antitussive actions

Answer 26

Depress the cough center in the brain
Anesthetize stretch receptors in the respiratory tract
Soothe irritated areas in the throat

Question 27

Antitussive uses

Answer 27

Relief of overactive or nonproductive cough

Question 28

Antitussive adverse reactions

Answer 28

Drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea, postural hypotension