Ch. 15

Question 1

Antigen

Answer 1

a bacterium, virus, or foreign protein that invades the body

Question 2

Antibody

Answer 2

special proteins made by the body in response to sensing the foreign antigen

Question 3

Antigen-antibody response

Answer 3

a specific antigen causes the body to produce a specific antibody that reacts specifically with that antigen

Question 4

Types of immunity

Answer 4

innate, adaptive, and passive

Question 5

Naturally acquired active immunity

Answer 5

person has had the disease and made antibodies; antibodies remain for life

Question 6

Artificially acquired active immunity

Answer 6

person is given a live or weakened (attenuated) antigen in a vaccine to stimulate antibody production to prevent specific diseases for an extended time; “boosters” may be necessary

Question 7

Passive immunity types

Answer 7

naturally acquired passive immunity and artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 8

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Answer 8

antibodies pass from mother to infant through breastmilk

Question 9

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Answer 9

immunoglobulins are injected into a person who does not have immunity to the antigen

Question 10

Required vaccinations

Answer 10

Hepatitis B, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, influenza type b, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, pneumococcal, influenza, hepatitis a (for specific populations)

Question 11

Vaccines

Answer 11

attenuated or killed antigens in a formula that produces an antigen-antibody response in the body

Question 12

Toxoids

Answer 12

attenuated or weakened toxins that produce an antitoxin response, causing an immunity in the body

Question 13

Immunologic medications action

Answer 13

Produce immunity in the body

Question 14

Immunologic medications uses

Answer 14

routine schedule of active immunizations for adults and children, specific biologic agents for endemic disease areas, specific biologic agents to people at high risk, screening for disease exposure, modify disease process in previously unimmunized persons

Question 15

Immunologic medications adverse reactions

Answer 15

mild reactions common: mild local pain and swelling at site; occasional effects include altered levels of consciousness, headache, lethargy, rash, urticaria, vesiculation, diarrhea, increased respiratory rate, arthlagia, dyspnea, fever, lymphadenopathy, and malaise

Question 16

Immunologic medications drug interactions

Answer 16

adverse effects are increased when several vaccines are given at the same time

Question 17

Nursing implications and patient teaching

Answer 17

assess health history, immunization status, allergies to eggs or feathers, presence of infection, use of immunosuppressants, pregnancy