Chapter 5 Flashcards
1) The skin that covers your body is also known as;
1) Cutaneous membrane.
2) Integumentary system consists of;
2) The skin and it’s derivatives- nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
3) What is the body’s largest organ?
3) Skin.
4) The connective tissues of skin contain blood vessels that do what?
4) Provide nutrients and provide strength and resilience to the skin.
5) What tissue in skin controls both blood vessel diameter and hair position?
5) Smooth muscle.
6) What tissue supports and monitors sensory receptors in the skin?
6) Neural tissue.
7) What are the functions of Skin?
7) -Protection from abrasion, chemicals and pathogens
- Prevention of water loss (in spite of sweat)
- Temperature regulation (heating and cooling)
- Production of vitamin D (calcium absorption)
- Immune defense (white blood cells)
- Sensory reception (nerve cells)
- Excretion of wastes in sweat.
8) What are the 2 Distinct Layers of skin?
8) -A layer of stratified squamous epithelium called the epidermis.
- A deeper layer of dense irregular connective tissue called the dermis.
9) What layer of the skin is the outermost layer of skin?
9) Epidermis.
10) Epidermis is composed of many strata of;
10) Flat kerantined cells.
11) The skin has a direct blood supply; True (A) or False (B)
11) False.
12) What epidermal stratum is the deepest layer composed of living cells
12) Stratum Basale.
13) What epidermal stratum is the spiny layer
13) Stratum spinosum.
14) What epidermal stratum is the clear layer
14) Stratum lucidum.
15) What epidermal stratum is composed of superficial, dead, flattened cells that contain large amount of keratin.
15) Stratum corneum.
16) Skin Color is due to what two main factors?
16) Blood flow and melanin.
17) Melanin is a pigment produced and stored in what cells?
17) Melanocytes.
18) The amount of melanin stored in melanocytes depends on what two factors;
18) Exposure to UV light and genetic predisposition.
19) Carotene in the skin comes primarily from;
19) Diet.
20) Friction Ridges on the hands are more commonly known as;
20) Fingerprints.
21) Where are friction ridges found?
21) Palms, fingers, and soles of feet.
22) How do friction ridges help us?
22) -grasp objects, and they
- Increase friction so that items do not slip easily from our hands.
- Our feet do not slip on the floor when we walk.
23) How do friction ridges assist law enforcement?
23) -Friction ridges can leave noticeable prints on touched surfaces and identifying individuals.
24) What major skin layer is composed of cells of the connective tissue proper and primarily of collagen fibers?
24) Epidermis*
25) Other components of the dermis are;
25) blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and muscular tissue.
26) What are the 2 Major Regions of Dermis
26) Superficial papillary layer and Deeper reticular layer.
27) The dermis has extensive innervation; True (A) or False (B)
27) True.
28) What term means that blood vessels expand and more blood flows through area?
28) Vasodilation.
29) What effect does the above have on thermoregulation?
29) Allows vessels to expand, more blood flows, takes heat away from blood that is heated.
30) What term means that blood vessels constrict? (effect?)
30) Vasoconstriction.
31) What do tactile corpuscles and tactile (Merkel) cells do for you?
31) -perceive touch sensations,
- work with a variety of other sensory nerve endings in the skin.
32) What are scalelike modifications of the epidermis that form on the dorsal surfaces of the tips of the fingers and toes?
32) Nails.
33) What do fingernails do for you (what is their function?)
33) Protect the exposed distal tips and prevent damage or distortion during jumping, kicking, catching, or grasping.
34) Where is hair found?
34) Found almost everywhere on the body except the palms of the hands, the sides and soles of the feet, the lips, the sides of the fingers and toes, and portions of the external genitalia.
35) Most of the hairs on the human body are found where?
35) On the general body surface rather than the head.
36) What are the 3 Kinds of Hair
36) -Lanugo; fine “peach-fuzz” hairs over majority of body surface (look closely)
- Vellus; arm and leg hair
- Terminal hair; hair on top of head and in pubic areas and beards of men
38) What are the main functions of Hair ?
38)-Protection from sunburns, dust in eyes, nose
-Heat retention; helps keep our heads warm
-Facial expression; eyebrows
-Sensory reception; on skin
-Visual identification; personal characteristic
-Chemical signal dispersal; pheromones used in
attraction of mates and clan recognition
39) How does hair help with chemical signal dispersal?
39) Chemical signal dispersal; pheromones used in
attraction of mates and clan recognition
- secreted onto terminal hairs of pubic and axillary regions
41) Hair Color is the result of the synthesis of;
41) Melanin in the matrix adjacent to the papillae.
42) Variations in hair color reflect genetically determined differences in the structure of the;
42) Melanin.
43) Sometimes hair loss may be temporary as a result of one or more of which factors:
43) Exposure to drugs, dietary factors, radiation, high fever, or stress.
44) Thinning of the hair is called __________ can occur in both sexes, usually as a result of;
44) Alopisha.
45) Male pattern baldness is due to what two factors?
45) genetics and hormones
46) What is the scientific name for sweat glands?
46) sudoriferous
47) Sweat glands produce a watery solution that performs what specific functions.
47) Colling and exocrene.
48) Sebaceous glands produce what oily material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface preventing drying?
48) Sebum.
49) What Integumentary Glands produce ear wax?
49) Ceruminous glands.
50) Mammary glands are modified apocrine sweat glands; True (A) or False (B)
50) True.
51) Burns are a major cause of accidental death, primarily as a result of;
51) their effects on the skin.
52) Burns are usually caused by what environmental factors?
52) heat, radiation, harmful chemicals, sunlight, or electrical shock.
53) The immediate threat to life due to a severe burn results primarily from;
53) Infection and dehydration.
54) Burns are classified according to the;
54) Depth/ Thickness.
55) What two types of burns are called partial-thickness burns?
55) First- and second-degree burns.
56) What burns are called full-thickness burns.
56) Third-degree burns
57) What burns involve only the epidermis and are characterized by redness, pain, and slight edema
57) first-degree burns
58) An example of a third degree burn is a mild sunburn ; True (A) or False (B)
58) False.
59) Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the;
59) Dermis.
60) An example of a second degree burn is a scald; True (A) or False (B)
60) True.
61) Why is the regeneration of a third degree burn so difficult?
61) absence of dermis.
62) What process is required for the victim of a third degree burn to prevent abnormal connective tissue fibrosis and disfigurement?
62) Skin grafting
63) What is a major concern for burn victims and why?
63) Dehydration is a major concern because the entire portion of skin has been lost, and water cannot be retained.
64) Why does skin repair processes take longer as we age?
64) Fewer stem cells.
65) What happens to the skin’s immune responsiveness as we age?
65) responsiveness is diminished.
66) Why does skin becomes drier as we age?
66) drier due to decreased
sebaceous gland activity.
67) Why do older people often complain of being too cold or too hot?
67) Ability to thermoregulate. Blow supply use.
68) What is the most common type of cancer?
68) Skin Cancer.
