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Anatomy (Module 1) > Chapter 1 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

1) What is the study of structure of the human body?

A

1) Anatomy.

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2
Q

2) The word anatomy is derived from Greek and means;

A

2) “To Cut Up” Or “To Cut Open”.

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3
Q

3) What is the scientific discipline that studies the function of body structures?

A

3) Physiology.

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4
Q

4) In the human body, structure and function can be completely separated: form is not related to function; True (A) or False (B)

A

4) False.

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5
Q

5) Which area of anatomy deals with cellular anatomy; study of single body cells?

A

5) Cytology.

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6
Q

6) What is the study of tissues?

A

6) Histology.

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7
Q

7) Which approach to gross anatomy studies changes in structure during an individual’s lifetime

A

7) Developmental.

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8
Q

8) Which approach to gross anatomy studies developmental changes before birth?

A

8) Embryology.

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9
Q

9) Which approach to gross anatomy studies all structures in a particular region as a single unit (e.g. all tissues of the knee)

A

9) Regional.

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10
Q

10) Which approach to gross anatomy studies superficial markings and related deeper tissues

A

10) Surface.

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11
Q

11) Which approach to gross anatomy studies gross anatomy of each system including all organs

A

11) Systemic.

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12
Q

12) The simplest level of organization within the body is the _____ level, which is composed of;.

A

12) Chemical/Atoms and Molecules.

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13
Q

13) Atoms are the smallest units of matter; True (A) or False (B)

A

13) True.*

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14
Q

14) Large and complex molecules such as DNA and proteins are known as;

A

14) Macromolecules.

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15
Q

15) The cell is the smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of living things (organisms); True (A) or False (B)

A

15) True.

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16
Q

16) The cell is the largest living portion of the human body; True (A) or False (B)

A

16) False.

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17
Q

17) What level of organization consists of related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function?

A

17) The Organ System/system.

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18
Q

18) What term denotes all chemical reactions in the cells of the organism (digestion, respiration, etc.)?

A

18) Metabolism.

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19
Q

19) What are the Four Types of Tissues in the Human Body?

A

19) Connective, Muscle, Epithelial, Nervous.

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20
Q

20) What tissue covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities.

A

20) Epithelial Tissue.

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21
Q

21) What tissue protects, supports, and interconnects body parts and organs.

A

21) Connective Tissue.

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22
Q

22) Connective tissue can be either solid, liquid, or intermediate; True (A) or False (B)

A

22) True.

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23
Q

23) What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

23) Cardiac, Skeletal, Smooth.

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24
Q

24) What tissue conducts impulses for internal communication?

A

24) Nervous Tissue.

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25
Q

25) What are the main functions of the integumentary system?

A

25) Prevents water loss, Provides protection, Regulates body temperature, Site of cutaneous receptors, Synthesizes vitamin D.

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26
Q

26) What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

A

26) Provides protection and support, Allows for body movement, Site of hematopoiesis, Stores calcium and phosphorus.

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27
Q

27) What are the main functions of the muscular system?

A

27) Produces body movement, Generates heat when muscles contract.

28
Q

28) What are the main functions of the nervous system?

A

28) Helps control all other system of the body, A regulatory system that controls body movement, Responds to sensory stimuli, Responsible for consciousness, intelligence, memory.

29
Q

29) What are the main functions of the endocrine system

A

29) Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which regulate
- Body and cellular growth, Chemical levels in the body, Reproductive functions.

30
Q

30) What system consists of a pump (the heart) that moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, gases, and pick up waste products?

A

30) Cardiovascular system.

31
Q

32) What system is responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs

A

32) Respiratory system.

32
Q

33) What are the main functions of the digestive system?

A

33) Mechanically and chemically digests food materials, Expels waste products, Absorbs nutrients.

33
Q

34) Describe anatomic position.

A

34) Anatomic position is a specific body position in which an individual stands upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor.

34
Q

35) What is an imaginary surface that slices the body into specific sections?

A

35) A Plane.

35
Q

36) The three major anatomic planes of reference are;

A

36) Coronal, sagittal, and transverse.

36
Q

37) What is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts?

A

37) Coronal plane.

37
Q

38) What plane, cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body or organ separating it into both superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts?

A

38) Transverse plane.

38
Q

39) Which plane, extends through the body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves?

A

39) Sagittal plane.

39
Q

40) A sagittal plane in the body midline is the;

A

40) Midsagittal plane.

40
Q

41) A plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but either to the left or the right of it, is termed

A

41) Parasagittal (sagittal) plane.

41
Q

42) What minor plane passes through the specimen at an angle?

A

42) Oblique plane.

42
Q

43) What term, relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body means in front of; toward the front surface

A

43) Anterior.

43
Q

44) What term, relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body means in back of; toward the back surface

A

44) Posterior.

44
Q

45) What term, relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body means at the back side of the human body

A

45) Dorsal.

45
Q

46) What term, relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body means at the belly side of the human body

A

46) Ventral.

46
Q

47) What term, relative to head or tail means toward the head or above

A

47) Superior.

47
Q

48) What term, relative to head or tail means toward feet not head

A

48) Inferior.

48
Q

49) What term, relative to head or tail means at the rear or tail end

A

49) Caudal.

49
Q

50) What term, relative to head or tail means at the head end

A

50) Cranial.

50
Q

51) What term, relative to midline or center means toward the midline of the body

A

51) Medial.

51
Q

52) What term means away from the midline of the body

A

52) Lateral.

52
Q

53) What term means on the inside, underneath another structure

A

53) Deep.

53
Q

54) What term means on the outside

A

54) Superficial.

54
Q

55) What term means closest to point of attachment to trunk

A

55) Proximal.

55
Q

56) What term means furthest from point of attachment to trunk

A

56) Distal.

56
Q

57) The human body is partitioned into what two main regions?

A

57) Axial and appendicular regions.

57
Q

59) The posterior aspect of the body has what two enclosed cavities?

A

59) Cranial cavity and vertebral canal.

58
Q

60) What cavity is formed by the cranium and houses the brain?

A

60) Cranial cavity.

59
Q

61) What canal is formed by the individual bones of the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord?

A

61) vertebral canal.

60
Q

62) Both the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined with thin serous membranes, which are composed of what two layers:

A

62) A parietal layer and visceral layer.

61
Q

63) Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous membrane is a thin serous cavity, containing what?

A

63) A lubricating film of serous fluid.

62
Q

64) The serous fluid does what to help the organs move smoothly against both one another and the body wall.

A

64) Reduces friction.

63
Q

65) The median space in the thoracic cavity is called;

A

65) Mediastinum.

64
Q

66) The right and left sides of the thoracic cavity contain the lungs; they are lined by a two-layered serous membrane called;

A

66) Pleura.

65
Q

67) The abdominopelvic cavity consists of what two cavities?

A

67) Abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.

Anatomy (Module 1) (5 decks)

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