Chapter 1 Review Flashcards
1) What is the study of structure of the human body?
1) Anatomy.
2) The word anatomy is derived from Greek and means;
2) “To Cut Up” Or “To Cut Open”.
3) What is the scientific discipline that studies the function of body structures?
3) Physiology.
4) In the human body, structure and function can be completely separated: form is not related to function; True (A) or False (B)
4) False.
5) Which area of anatomy deals with cellular anatomy; study of single body cells?
5) Cytology.
6) What is the study of tissues?
6) Histology.
7) Which approach to gross anatomy studies changes in structure during an individual’s lifetime
7) Developmental.
8) Which approach to gross anatomy studies developmental changes before birth?
8) Embryology.
9) Which approach to gross anatomy studies all structures in a particular region as a single unit (e.g. all tissues of the knee)
9) Regional.
10) Which approach to gross anatomy studies superficial markings and related deeper tissues
10) Surface.
11) Which approach to gross anatomy studies gross anatomy of each system including all organs
11) Systemic.
12) The simplest level of organization within the body is the _____ level, which is composed of;.
12) Chemical/Atoms and Molecules.
13) Atoms are the smallest units of matter; True (A) or False (B)
13) True.*
14) Large and complex molecules such as DNA and proteins are known as;
14) Macromolecules.
15) The cell is the smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of living things (organisms); True (A) or False (B)
15) True.
16) The cell is the largest living portion of the human body; True (A) or False (B)
16) False.
17) What level of organization consists of related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function?
17) The Organ System/system.
18) What term denotes all chemical reactions in the cells of the organism (digestion, respiration, etc.)?
18) Metabolism.
19) What are the Four Types of Tissues in the Human Body?
19) Connective, Muscle, Epithelial, Nervous.
20) What tissue covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities.
20) Epithelial Tissue.
21) What tissue protects, supports, and interconnects body parts and organs.
21) Connective Tissue.
22) Connective tissue can be either solid, liquid, or intermediate; True (A) or False (B)
22) True.
23) What are the three types of muscle tissue?
23) Cardiac, Skeletal, Smooth.
24) What tissue conducts impulses for internal communication?
24) Nervous Tissue.
25) What are the main functions of the integumentary system?
25) Prevents water loss, Provides protection, Regulates body temperature, Site of cutaneous receptors, Synthesizes vitamin D.
26) What are the main functions of the skeletal system?
26) Provides protection and support, Allows for body movement, Site of hematopoiesis, Stores calcium and phosphorus.
27) What are the main functions of the muscular system?
27) Produces body movement, Generates heat when muscles contract.
28) What are the main functions of the nervous system?
28) Helps control all other system of the body, A regulatory system that controls body movement, Responds to sensory stimuli, Responsible for consciousness, intelligence, memory.
29) What are the main functions of the endocrine system
29) Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which regulate
- Body and cellular growth, Chemical levels in the body, Reproductive functions.
30) What system consists of a pump (the heart) that moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, gases, and pick up waste products?
30) Cardiovascular system.
32) What system is responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs
32) Respiratory system.
33) What are the main functions of the digestive system?
33) Mechanically and chemically digests food materials, Expels waste products, Absorbs nutrients.
34) Describe anatomic position.
34) Anatomic position is a specific body position in which an individual stands upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor.
35) What is an imaginary surface that slices the body into specific sections?
35) A Plane.
36) The three major anatomic planes of reference are;
36) Coronal, sagittal, and transverse.
37) What is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts?
37) Coronal plane.
38) What plane, cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body or organ separating it into both superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts?
38) Transverse plane.
39) Which plane, extends through the body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves?
39) Sagittal plane.
40) A sagittal plane in the body midline is the;
40) Midsagittal plane.
41) A plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but either to the left or the right of it, is termed
41) Parasagittal (sagittal) plane.
42) What minor plane passes through the specimen at an angle?
42) Oblique plane.
43) What term, relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body means in front of; toward the front surface
43) Anterior.
44) What term, relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body means in back of; toward the back surface
44) Posterior.
45) What term, relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body means at the back side of the human body
45) Dorsal.
46) What term, relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body means at the belly side of the human body
46) Ventral.
47) What term, relative to head or tail means toward the head or above
47) Superior.
48) What term, relative to head or tail means toward feet not head
48) Inferior.
49) What term, relative to head or tail means at the rear or tail end
49) Caudal.
50) What term, relative to head or tail means at the head end
50) Cranial.
51) What term, relative to midline or center means toward the midline of the body
51) Medial.
52) What term means away from the midline of the body
52) Lateral.
53) What term means on the inside, underneath another structure
53) Deep.
54) What term means on the outside
54) Superficial.
55) What term means closest to point of attachment to trunk
55) Proximal.
56) What term means furthest from point of attachment to trunk
56) Distal.
57) The human body is partitioned into what two main regions?
57) Axial and appendicular regions.
59) The posterior aspect of the body has what two enclosed cavities?
59) Cranial cavity and vertebral canal.
60) What cavity is formed by the cranium and houses the brain?
60) Cranial cavity.
61) What canal is formed by the individual bones of the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord?
61) vertebral canal.
62) Both the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined with thin serous membranes, which are composed of what two layers:
62) A parietal layer and visceral layer.
63) Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous membrane is a thin serous cavity, containing what?
63) A lubricating film of serous fluid.
64) The serous fluid does what to help the organs move smoothly against both one another and the body wall.
64) Reduces friction.
65) The median space in the thoracic cavity is called;
65) Mediastinum.
66) The right and left sides of the thoracic cavity contain the lungs; they are lined by a two-layered serous membrane called;
66) Pleura.
67) The abdominopelvic cavity consists of what two cavities?
67) Abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.
