Chapter 1 Review

Question 1

1) What is the study of structure of the human body?

Answer 1

1) Anatomy.

Question 2

2) The word anatomy is derived from Greek and means;

Answer 2

2) “To Cut Up” Or “To Cut Open”.

Question 3

3) What is the scientific discipline that studies the function of body structures?

Answer 3

3) Physiology.

Question 4

4) In the human body, structure and function can be completely separated: form is not related to function; True (A) or False (B)

Answer 4

4) False.

Question 5

5) Which area of anatomy deals with cellular anatomy; study of single body cells?

Answer 5

5) Cytology.

Question 6

6) What is the study of tissues?

Answer 6

6) Histology.

Question 7

7) Which approach to gross anatomy studies changes in structure during an individual’s lifetime

Answer 7

7) Developmental.

Question 8

8) Which approach to gross anatomy studies developmental changes before birth?

Answer 8

8) Embryology.

Question 9

9) Which approach to gross anatomy studies all structures in a particular region as a single unit (e.g. all tissues of the knee)

Answer 9

9) Regional.

Question 10

10) Which approach to gross anatomy studies superficial markings and related deeper tissues

Answer 10

10) Surface.

Question 11

11) Which approach to gross anatomy studies gross anatomy of each system including all organs

Answer 11

11) Systemic.

Question 12

12) The simplest level of organization within the body is the _____ level, which is composed of;.

Answer 12

12) Chemical/Atoms and Molecules.

Question 13

13) Atoms are the smallest units of matter; True (A) or False (B)

Answer 13

13) True.*

Question 14

14) Large and complex molecules such as DNA and proteins are known as;

Answer 14

14) Macromolecules.

Question 15

15) The cell is the smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of living things (organisms); True (A) or False (B)

Answer 15

15) True.

Question 16

16) The cell is the largest living portion of the human body; True (A) or False (B)

Answer 16

16) False.

Question 17

17) What level of organization consists of related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function?

Answer 17

17) The Organ System/system.

Question 18

18) What term denotes all chemical reactions in the cells of the organism (digestion, respiration, etc.)?

Answer 18

18) Metabolism.

Question 19

19) What are the Four Types of Tissues in the Human Body?

Answer 19

19) Connective, Muscle, Epithelial, Nervous.

Question 20

20) What tissue covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities.

Answer 20

20) Epithelial Tissue.

Question 21

21) What tissue protects, supports, and interconnects body parts and organs.

Answer 21

21) Connective Tissue.

Question 22

22) Connective tissue can be either solid, liquid, or intermediate; True (A) or False (B)

Answer 22

22) True.

Question 23

23) What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 23

23) Cardiac, Skeletal, Smooth.

Question 24

24) What tissue conducts impulses for internal communication?

Answer 24

24) Nervous Tissue.

Question 25

25) What are the main functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 25

25) Prevents water loss, Provides protection, Regulates body temperature, Site of cutaneous receptors, Synthesizes vitamin D.

Question 26

26) What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 26

26) Provides protection and support, Allows for body movement, Site of hematopoiesis, Stores calcium and phosphorus.

Question 27

27) What are the main functions of the muscular system?

Answer 27

27) Produces body movement, Generates heat when muscles contract.

Question 28

28) What are the main functions of the nervous system?

Answer 28

28) Helps control all other system of the body, A regulatory system that controls body movement, Responds to sensory stimuli, Responsible for consciousness, intelligence, memory.

Question 29

29) What are the main functions of the endocrine system

Answer 29

29) Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which regulate - Body and cellular growth, Chemical levels in the body, Reproductive functions.

Question 30

30) What system consists of a pump (the heart) that moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, gases, and pick up waste products?

Answer 30

30) Cardiovascular system.

Question 31

32) What system is responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs

Answer 31

32) Respiratory system.

Question 32

33) What are the main functions of the digestive system?

Answer 32

33) Mechanically and chemically digests food materials, Expels waste products, Absorbs nutrients.

Question 33

34) Describe anatomic position.

Answer 33

34) Anatomic position is a specific body position in which an individual stands upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor.

Question 34

35) What is an imaginary surface that slices the body into specific sections?

Answer 34

35) A Plane.

Question 35

36) The three major anatomic planes of reference are;

Answer 35

36) Coronal, sagittal, and transverse.

Question 36

37) What is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts?

Answer 36

37) Coronal plane.

Question 37

38) What plane, cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body or organ separating it into both superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts?

Answer 37

38) Transverse plane.

Question 38

39) Which plane, extends through the body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves?

Answer 38

39) Sagittal plane.

Question 39

40) A sagittal plane in the body midline is the;

Answer 39

40) Midsagittal plane.

Question 40

41) A plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but either to the left or the right of it, is termed

Answer 40

41) Parasagittal (sagittal) plane.

Question 41

42) What minor plane passes through the specimen at an angle?

Answer 41

42) Oblique plane.

Question 42

43) What term, relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body means in front of; toward the front surface

Answer 42

43) Anterior.

Question 43

44) What term, relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body means in back of; toward the back surface

Answer 43

44) Posterior.

Question 44

45) What term, relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body means at the back side of the human body

Answer 44

45) Dorsal.

Question 45

46) What term, relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body means at the belly side of the human body

Answer 45

46) Ventral.

Question 46

47) What term, relative to head or tail means toward the head or above

Answer 46

47) Superior.

Question 47

48) What term, relative to head or tail means toward feet not head

Answer 47

48) Inferior.

Question 48

49) What term, relative to head or tail means at the rear or tail end

Answer 48

49) Caudal.

Question 49

50) What term, relative to head or tail means at the head end

Answer 49

50) Cranial.

Question 50

51) What term, relative to midline or center means toward the midline of the body

Answer 50

51) Medial.

Question 51

52) What term means away from the midline of the body

Answer 51

52) Lateral.

Question 52

53) What term means on the inside, underneath another structure

Answer 52

53) Deep.

Question 53

54) What term means on the outside

Answer 53

54) Superficial.

Question 54

55) What term means closest to point of attachment to trunk

Answer 54

55) Proximal.

Question 55

56) What term means furthest from point of attachment to trunk

Answer 55

56) Distal.

Question 56

57) The human body is partitioned into what two main regions?

Answer 56

57) Axial and appendicular regions.

Question 57

59) The posterior aspect of the body has what two enclosed cavities?

Answer 57

59) Cranial cavity and vertebral canal.

Question 58

60) What cavity is formed by the cranium and houses the brain?

Answer 58

60) Cranial cavity.

Question 59

61) What canal is formed by the individual bones of the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord?

Answer 59

61) vertebral canal.

Question 60

62) Both the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined with thin serous membranes, which are composed of what two layers:

Answer 60

62) A parietal layer and visceral layer.

Question 61

63) Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous membrane is a thin serous cavity, containing what?

Answer 61

63) A lubricating film of serous fluid.

Question 62

64) The serous fluid does what to help the organs move smoothly against both one another and the body wall.

Answer 62

64) Reduces friction.

Question 63

65) The median space in the thoracic cavity is called;

Answer 63

65) Mediastinum.

Question 64

66) The right and left sides of the thoracic cavity contain the lungs; they are lined by a two-layered serous membrane called;

Answer 64

66) Pleura.

Question 65

67) The abdominopelvic cavity consists of what two cavities?

Answer 65

67) Abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.