Chapter 5

Question 1

exocrine glands

Answer 1

release enzymes to the external environment through ducts- include sweat, oil, mucous and digestive glands

Question 2

endocrine glands

Answer 2

release hormones directly into body fluids

Question 3

receptors

Answer 3

hormones act by binding to proteins called _____

Question 4

peptide hormones

Answer 4

derived from hormones, made in the rough ER then transferred to Golgi appartus where it is modified with carbohydrates to become its final form

Question 5

effector

Answer 5

target cell of the hormone

Question 6

how peptide hormones diffuse into the cell membrane of the effector

Answer 6

attach to a membrane bound receptor,

Question 7

intracellular second messenger

Answer 7

cAMP, cGMP or calmodulin –> activates/deactivates enzymes and/or ion channels, cascade of chemical reactions

Question 8

AP hormones

Answer 8

FSH, LH, ACTH, hGH, TSH, prolactin

Question 9

PP hormones

Answer 9

ADH, oxytocin

Question 10

Parathyroid hormones

Answer 10

PTH

Question 11

Pancreatic hormones

Answer 11

glucagon, insulin

Question 12

steroid hormones

Answer 12

derived from cholesterol, require a protein transport molecule to dissolve in the blood stream, diffuse through the cell membrane of the effector, combine with a receptor in the cytosol, receptor transports the steroid into the nucleus and the steroid acts at transcription level, formed in the smooth ER and in the mitochondria

Question 13

steroid hormones list

Answer 13

cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, progesterone, tesosterone

Question 14

tyrosine derivative hormones list

Answer 14

T3 and T4, catecholamines (epinephrine and nrepinephrine)

Question 15

tyrosine derivative hormones

Answer 15

formed by enzymes in the cytosols or on the rough ER, slowly released to their target tissues and bind to receptors inside the nucelus, latent period to their response, increase the durate of their effect

Question 16

anterior pituitary and hypothalamus

Answer 16

hypothalamus controls the release of AP hormones

Question 17

hGH

Answer 17

peiptide, growth in almost all cells in the body, increase cell size, protein sythesis, mobilizing fat sores, increasing use of FA for energy, decrease use of glucose, increase translation and transcription

Question 18

ACTH

Answer 18

peptide, stimulate adernal cortex to release glucocorticoids via 2nd messenger system using cAMP, released is stimulated by many types of stress

Question 19

TSH

Answer 19

stimulate release of T3 and T4 via second messenger system using cAMP, increases thyroid cell size, number and rate of secretion of T3 and T4; T3 and TA have negative feedback effect on TSH release

Question 20

prolactin

Answer 20

promotes milk production, inhibts menstrual cycle, suckling stimulates hypothalamus to stimulate AP to release prolactin

Question 21

oxytocin

Answer 21

increase uterine contractions during pregnancy and causes milk to be ejected from the breasts

Question 22

ADH

Answer 22

aka vasopressin, causes collecting ducts of kidney to become permeable to water, reducing the amount of urine and concentrating urine, increases blood pressure, coffee and beer are ADH blockers

Question 23

posterior pituitary

Answer 23

hormones are synthesized in the neural cell bodies of the hypothalamus

Question 24

adernal cortex

Answer 24

mineral corticoids and glucocorticoids

Question 25

mineral corticioids

Answer 25

effect electrolye balance in the blood stream

Question 26

glucocortcoids

Answer 26

increase blood glucose concentration and have a greater effect on fat and protein metabloism

Question 27

aldosterone

Answer 27

increase bp, increase Na and Cl reabsoportion and H and K secretion in the collecting duct