Chapter 5

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

A general term that stands for a series of processes by which the individual acquires and applies knowledge.

Question 2

Cognitive Style

Answer 2

An individual way in which individuals organize and comprehend the world.

Question 3

Creativity

Answer 3

Originality or the ability to produce valued outcomes in novel ways.

Question 4

Empirical Reasoning

Answer 4

Experience and cognitive operations drawn from everyday activities.

Question 5

Field-Dependent Style

Answer 5

A general cognitive ability of an individual to rely more on external visual cues and be primarily socially oriented.

Question 6

Field-Independent Style

Answer 6

A general cognitive ability of an individual to rely primarily on bodily cues within themselves and to be less oriented toward social engagement with others.

Question 7

Formal Reasoning

Answer 7

Basic cognitive operations based on abstract analysis of given premises and deriving a conclusion from them.

Question 8

Intelligence

Answer 8

Global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, overcome obstacles and adapt to a changing environment.

Question 9

Low-Effort Syndrome

Answer 9

Low level of motivation on intelligence tests based on the belief hat the tests are biased and test results are unimportant for success in life.

Question 10

Nativist View

Answer 10

The view that all cognitive phenomena are inborn, that they unravel as a result of biological “programming”, and that environmental perception requires little active construction by the organism.

Question 11

Psychometric Approach to Intelligence

Answer 11

A view based on an assumption that our intelligence can “receive” a nummerical value.