Chapter 5

Question 1

How many electrons fill shell number 1?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

How many electrons fill shell number 2?

Answer 2

8

Question 3

How many electrons fill shell number 3?

Answer 3

18

Question 4

How many electrons fill shell number 4?

Answer 4

32

Question 5

What are shells regarded as?

Answer 5

energy levels

Question 6

As the shell number increases, does energy increase or decrease?

Answer 6

increase

Question 7

What is the principal quantum number, n?

Answer 7

shell number/energy level number

Question 8

number of electrons =

Answer 8

2n²

Question 9

What are shells made up of?

Answer 9

atomic orbitals

Question 10

What is an atomic orbital?

Answer 10

1) region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins
2) region in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron

Question 11

What are the different types of orbitals?

Answer 11

1) s
2) p
3) d
4) f

Question 12

Do each type of orbitals have the same or different shape?

Answer 12

different

Question 13

In a s-orbital what shape is the electron cloud?

Answer 13

sphere

Question 14

How many s-orbitals does each shell from n=1 contain?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

In a s-orbital, the greater the shell number n, the…

Answer 15

greater the radius

Question 16

In a p-orbital what shape is the electron cloud?

Answer 16

dumb-bell

Question 17

How many electrons can an orbital hold?

Answer 17

1 or 2

Question 18

How many p-orbitals does each shell from n=1 contain?

Answer 18

3

Question 19

What angle are p-orbitals to one another?

Answer 19

right angles

Question 20

With a p-orbital, the greater the shell number n, the…

Answer 20

further the o-orbital is from the nucleus

Question 21

How many d-orbitals does each shell from n=1 contain?

Answer 21

5

Question 22

How many f-orbitals does each shell from n=1 contain?

Answer 22

7

Question 23

What charge do electrons have?

Answer 23

negative

Question 24

Do electrons attract or repel each other?

Answer 24

repel

Question 25

Which direction are electron spins?

Answer 25

up or down

Question 26

Do the two electrons in an orbital have the same or opposite spins?

Answer 26

opposite

Question 27

Why do the two electrons in an orbital have opposite spins?

Answer 27

to counteract the repulsion between the negative charges of the two electrons

Question 28

How can electron configurations be expressed more simply?

Answer 28

1) previous noble gas in the periodic table | 2) outer shell electrons

Question 29

What are cations?

Answer 29

positive ions that are formed when atoms lose electrons

Question 30

What are anions?

Answer 30

negative ions formed when atoms gain electrons

Question 31

What is a s-block element?

Answer 31

highest energy electrons in s-sub-shell

Question 32

What is a p-block element?

Answer 32

highest energy electron in p-sub-shell

Question 33

What is a d-block element?

Answer 33

highest energy electron in d-sub-shell

Question 34

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 34

the electrostatic attraction between positive + negative ions

Question 35

What state are ionic compounds in at room temperature?

Answer 35

solid

Question 36

Why are ionic compounds solid at room temperature?

Answer 36

there is insufficient energy to overcome strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in giant ionic lattice

Question 37

Do ionic compounds have low or high melting and boiling points?

Answer 37

high

Question 38

What are the two main processes of solubility?

Answer 38

1) ionic lattice broken down | 2) water molecules attract + surround ions

Question 39

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 39

1) once melted | 2) once dissolved in water

Question 40

Why do ionic compounds not conduct electricity in the solid state?

Answer 40

1) ions in fixed position in giant ionic lattice | 2) no mobile charge carriers

Question 41

Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when liquid or dissolved in water?

Answer 41

1) solid ionic lattice breaks down | 2) ions free to move as mobile charge carriers

Question 42

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 42

1) strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and nuclei of bonded atoms 2) overlap of atomic orbitals, each containing 1 electron, to give shared pair of electrons

Question 43

Between which atoms does covalent bonding occur?

Answer 43

1) non-metallic elements 2) compounds of non-metallic elements 3) polyatomic ions

Question 44

What are lone pairs?

Answer 44

paired electrons that are not shared

Question 45

What is a dative covalent/coordinate bond?

Answer 45

covalent bond in which shared pair of electrons is supplied by one bonding atom only

Question 46

What does average bond enthalpy measure?

Answer 46

covalent bond strength