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Chemistry OCR A-Level > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbonds?

A

unsturated

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2
Q

What is the general formula of alkenes?

A

CₙH₂ₙ

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3
Q

What is a π-bond?

A

sideways overlap of 2 p-orbitals

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4
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

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5
Q

Where does E/Z isomerism occur?

A

compounds with a C=C bond

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6
Q

What is cis-trans isomerism?

A

1) C=C bond

2) each carbon in double bond must be attached to 2 different groups - 1 must be hydrogen

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7
Q

Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?

A

because of the presence of the π-bond

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8
Q

What is hydrogenation of alkenes?

A

when an alkene is mixed with hydrogen + passed over nickel catalyst at 423K

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9
Q

What type of reaction is hydrogenation of alkenes?

A

addition

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10
Q

What is halogenation of alkenes?

A

when an alkene is mixed with chlorine/bromine at room temperature

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11
Q

What type of reaction is halogenation of alkenes?

A

addition

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12
Q

How do you test for unsaturation?

A

1) add bromine water (orange) drop-wise to alkene
2) bromine adds across double bond
3) orange colour disappears

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13
Q

What type of reaction is the reaction of alkenes with hydrogen halides?

A

addition

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14
Q

What is the reaction of alkenes with hydrogen halides?

A

when alkenes react with gaseous hydrogen halides at room temperature to form haloalkanes

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15
Q

What is the hydration of alkenes?

A

when alkenes react with steam in the presence of a phosphoric acid catalyst to form an alcohol

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16
Q

What type of reaction is the hydration of alkenes?

A

addition

17
Q

What is an electrophile?

A

an atom/group of atoms that is attracted to an electron-rich centre + accepts an electron pair

18
Q

What is a carbocation?

A

contains a positively charged carbon atom

19
Q

What is the stability of carbocations linked to?

A

electron-donating ability of alkyl groups - the more alkyl groups attached to positively-charged carbon atom, the more the charge is spread out, making the ion more stable

20
Q

What are polymers?

A

large molecules formed from thousands of repeat units of smaller units called monomers

21
Q

What type of polymerisation do unsaturated alkene molecules undergo?

A

addition

22
Q

Why is the disposal and recycling of PVC hazardous?

A

1) high chlorine content

2) range of additives present

23
Q

What is feedstock recycling?

A

the chemical + thermal processes that reclaim monomers/gases/oil from waste polymers

Chemistry OCR A-Level (28 decks)

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