Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

What is reduction?

A

1) gain of electrons

2) decrease in oxidation number

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2
Q

What is oxidation?

A

1) loss of electrons

2) increase in oxidation number

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3
Q

What is the oxidation number of an uncombined element?

A

0

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4
Q

What is the oxidation number of combined hydrogen?

A

+1

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5
Q

What is the oxidation number of combined oxygen?

A

-2

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6
Q

What is the oxidation number of an ion of an element?

A

ionic charge

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7
Q

Give an example of a reducing agent.

A

1) iron(II) ions, Fe²⁺(aq)

2) ethanedioic acid, (COOH)₂(aq)

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8
Q

What is a voltaic cell?

A

converts chemical energy into electrical energy

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9
Q

What does a half-cell contain?

A

the chemical species present in a redox half-equation

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10
Q

What are the different types of half-cells?

A

1) metal/metal ion half-cells
2) ion/ion half-cells
3) ion/metal ion half-cells

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11
Q

How is the equilibrium in a half-cell written?

A

1) forward reaction = reduction

2) reverse reaction = oxidation

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12
Q

What is standard electrode potential E?

A

the tendency to be reduced + gain electrons

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13
Q

What is the standard electrode potential of a standard hydrogen electrode?

A

0V

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14
Q

How do you measure a standard electrode potential?

A

1) connect half-cell to standard hydrogen electrode

2) connect two solutions with a salt bridge

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15
Q

The more negative the E value, the…?

A

1) greater the tendency to lose electrons + undergo oxidation
2) less the tendency to gain electrons + undergo reduction

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16
Q

The more positive the E value, the…?

A

1) greater the tendency to gain electrons + undergo reduction
2) less the tendency to lose electrons + undergo oxidation

17
Q

Do metals have positive or negative E values?

A

negative

18
Q

Do non-metals have positve or negative E values?

A

positive

19
Q

E꜀ₑₗₗ =

A

E(positive electrode) - E(negative electrode)