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Chemistry OCR A-Level > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many electrons does carbon have in its outer shell?

A

4

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2
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

a compound containing carbon and hydrogen only

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3
Q

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

A

single bonds only

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4
Q

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A

contains carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds

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5
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

a family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a -CH₂- group

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6
Q

What is a functional group?

A

the part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties

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7
Q

What can hydrocarbons be classified as?

A

1) aliphatic
2) alicyclic
3) aromatic

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8
Q

What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?

A

carbon atoms joined in unbranched/branched chains/non-aromatic rings

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9
Q

What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?

A

carbon atoms joined in ring structures, with/without branches

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10
Q

What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?

A

benzene ring

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11
Q

What is an alkane?

A

contains single C-C bonds

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12
Q

What is an alkene?

A

contains at least one C=C bond

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13
Q

What is an alkyne?

A

contains at least one C≡C bond

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14
Q

What is general formula?

A

simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series

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15
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

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16
Q

How can covalent bonds be broken?

A

1) homolytic fission

2) heterolytic fission

17
Q

What is homolytic fission?

A

each bonded atom takes on of the shared pair of electrons from bond

18
Q

What is a radical?

A

atom/group of atoms with unpaired electron

19
Q

What is heterolytic fission?

A

one bonded atom takes both electrons from bond

20
Q

What do curly arrows show in a reaction mechanism?

A

movement of electron pairs

21
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

2 reactants join to form 1 product

22
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

atom/group of atoms replaced by different atom/group of atoms

23
Q

What is an elimination reaction?

A

removal of small molecule from larger one

Chemistry OCR A-Level (28 decks)

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